白纸运动White Paper Movement
背景：2022年11月，动态清零进入第三年，封控的疲惫积累到了顶点。广州海珠区居民冲破封控围栏走上街头，郑州富士康工人与防疫人员发生冲突，重庆一个小区的居民围住一名演讲的年轻人，听他喊出“这个世界只有一种病，叫不自由和穷”——这段视频被疯传，他被邻居们从警察手里护了下来。火星先于火灾出现。11月24日晚，新疆乌鲁木齐市一居民小区发生火灾，官方通报10人死亡。起火楼栋被铁丝拧住的单元门、小区门口的围栏，让“是封控害死了人”的判断一夜传遍全国。11月25日晚，乌鲁木齐市民走上街头，游行到市政府一带，要求解封。Background: By November 2022, zero-COVID was in its third year and exhaustion with lockdowns had reached its limit. Residents of Guangzhou's Haizhu district broke through lockdown fencing into the streets; workers at Foxconn in Zhengzhou clashed with epidemic-control personnel; in a Chongqing housing compound, residents ringed a young man giving a speech — “There is only one sickness in this world: being unfree and poor,” he shouted, in a clip that went viral — and neighbors shielded him from the police who came for him. The sparks preceded the fire. On the night of November 24, a fire broke out in a residential compound in Urumqi, Xinjiang; the official toll was 10 dead. Images of unit doors wired shut and fences at the compound gates spread one judgment across the country overnight: the lockdown had killed them. On the evening of November 25, Urumqi residents marched through the streets toward the city government, demanding an end to the lockdown.
引爆点之前：乌鲁木齐火灾不是孤立的引信。2022年9月18日凌晨，贵州一辆转运涉疫人员的大巴在高速上侧翻，27人死亡——他们不是死于病毒，而是死于连夜转运。10月底，郑州富士康的员工因恐惧封控和感染，成群结队徒步沿高速公路返乡，路边村民给他们放下水和食物，画面传遍全国。11月1日，兰州一名三岁男童煤气中毒，送医因防疫卡口延误去世，父亲的哭诉引发公愤。这一连串事件叠在一起，让许多原本不关心政治的人得出同一个结论：封控本身在杀人。到了11月下旬，多地高校学生已经因为封校、做不完的核酸在宿舍楼里喊楼抗议。乌鲁木齐的火，只是把积累了三年的东西一次点着了。Before the spark: The Urumqi fire was not an isolated fuse. In the early hours of September 18, 2022, a bus transferring epidemic-affected people overnight in Guizhou overturned on a highway, killing 27 — they died not of the virus but of the transfer. In late October, workers at Foxconn in Zhengzhou, fearing lockdown and infection, fled on foot in groups along the expressways toward their hometowns, while villagers along the road left water and food for them; the images spread nationwide. On November 1, a three-year-old boy in Lanzhou died of gas poisoning after epidemic checkpoints delayed his trip to hospital, and his father's public grief ignited outrage. Stacked together, these events brought many previously apolitical people to one conclusion: the lockdowns themselves were killing people. By late November, students at many universities were already shouting protests from dormitory blocks over sealed campuses and endless testing. The Urumqi fire simply ignited, all at once, what three years had piled up.
经过：11月26日，南京传媒学院一名女生独自站在校园台阶上，手举一张白纸，一言不发。老师走上前把纸抽走，她仍空着双手站着。这段视频传开后，白纸成了这场运动的标志。当晚至27日，上海市民聚集到以“乌鲁木齐”命名的乌鲁木齐中路献花悼念，警察到场后，人群高喊“不要核酸要自由”，并出现“习近平下台”“共产党下台”的呼声。27日下午再次聚集时，警方封锁路口抓人，有人被拖上警车，周围群众齐声喊“放人”；一名年轻女子被数名警察抬走时仍在喊叫，这一片段成为运动流传最广的影像之一。27日晚，北京市民沿亮马河两岸聚集，举着白纸和手机电筒，高喊“要自由”“解封”，唱起《国际歌》。同一个周末，据不完全统计，全国至少50所高校的学生在食堂、操场、宿舍区举起白纸，清华大学有学生喊出“民主法治，表达自由”；成都望平街、武汉、西安、兰州、昆明、广州等地相继有人上街。抗议者彼此并不相识，也没有组织者，靠的是被删了又传、传了又删的短视频接力。Course of events: On November 26, a student at Communication University of China, Nanjing, stood alone on campus steps holding a blank sheet of paper, saying nothing. A teacher came forward and took the paper from her hands; she kept standing there, empty-handed. The video spread, and the blank page became the movement's emblem. That night and into November 27, Shanghai residents gathered on Urumqi Middle Road — a street named for the stricken city — to lay flowers in mourning. When police moved in, the crowd chanted “No more COVID tests, we want freedom,” and calls of “Xi Jinping, step down” and “Communist Party, step down” rang out. When people gathered again that afternoon, police sealed the intersections and made arrests; as detainees were dragged to police vehicles, the surrounding crowd chanted “Let them go.” Footage of a young woman screaming as several officers carried her away became one of the movement's most widely seen images. That evening, Beijing residents gathered along both banks of the Liangma River, holding blank paper and phone flashlights, chanting “We want freedom” and “Lift the lockdown,” and singing the Internationale. Over the same weekend, by incomplete counts, students at at least 50 universities nationwide raised blank paper in canteens, sports grounds and dormitory areas; at Tsinghua University, students shouted “Democracy and rule of law, freedom of expression.” People took to the streets in Chengdu's Wangping Street, Wuhan, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Kunming, Guangzhou and elsewhere. The protesters did not know one another and had no organizers; the relay ran on short videos that were deleted, reposted, and deleted again.
上海的那两天：上海抗议的中心是乌鲁木齐中路与安福路、长乐路一带。11月26日深夜，第一批悼念者带来鲜花和蜡烛，警察在路口拉起警戒线；人群越聚越多，开始齐喊“不要核酸要自由”，随后喊出“习近平下台、共产党下台”——这是1989年之后，中国大城市街头第一次公开出现要求最高领导人下台的口号。27日白天，人群再次聚集，警方封锁路段、逐段清场：有现场视频显示，便衣人员混在人群中突然扭住抗议者拖向警车，人群随即涌上去拉扯、齐喊“放人”。BBC记者劳伦斯在现场被警察按倒、戴上手铐带走，数小时后获释，英国政府为此召见中国大使。27日晚，乌鲁木齐中路的路牌被市民围着合影——一块蓝底白字的路牌，一夜之间成了这座城市抵抗的象征。Shanghai's two days: The center of the Shanghai protests was Urumqi Middle Road around Anfu Road and Changle Road. Late on November 26, the first mourners brought flowers and candles, and police cordoned the intersection; as the crowd grew it began chanting in unison, “No more COVID tests, we want freedom,” and then “Xi Jinping, step down” and “Communist Party, step down” — the first time since 1989 that a major Chinese city's streets heard public calls for the top leader's removal. On the 27th, crowds gathered again and police sealed the streets and cleared them section by section: on-site video shows plainclothes officers suddenly seizing protesters from within the crowd and dragging them to police vehicles, whereupon the crowd surged forward, pulling back and chanting “Let them go.” BBC journalist Ed Lawrence was forced to the ground, handcuffed and taken away at the scene, released hours later; the British government summoned the Chinese ambassador over the incident. That evening, residents crowded around the Urumqi Middle Road street sign to take photographs with it — a blue sign with white characters that had overnight become the symbol of the city's defiance.
第二天：抗议没有在周末结束。11月27日，北京大学家园食堂外出现大字报式的标语墙，学生聚集声援上海。11月28日凌晨，广州海珠区、武汉等地仍有聚集；成都望平街的人群沿河行进，高喊“不要核酸要自由”。多所高校连夜采取“送学生离校”的办法分流人群：清华大学安排大巴把学生送往机场、火车站，提前开始寒假式的返乡。官方的应对呈现出两面：一面是街头的抓捕和清场，一面是迅速松动的防疫口径——11月29日、30日，广州、重庆、北京等地相继宣布调整封控措施，长期封控的小区陆续解封。The second day: The protests did not end with the weekend. On November 27, a wall of poster-style slogans appeared outside Peking University's Jiayuan canteen and students gathered in solidarity with Shanghai. In the early hours of November 28, gatherings continued in Guangzhou's Haizhu district, Wuhan and elsewhere; in Chengdu, the Wangping Street crowd marched along the river chanting “No more COVID tests, we want freedom.” Many universities moved overnight to disperse their students by sending them home: Tsinghua arranged buses to airports and railway stations, beginning a winter-break-style exodus ahead of schedule. The official response showed two faces at once: arrests and clearances on the streets, and a rapidly loosening epidemic line — on November 29 and 30, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Beijing and other cities announced adjusted controls, and long-sealed compounds began to open.
高校：高校的抗争有它自己的形状。11月26日晚，北京大学学生在食堂外贴出标语并聚集；27日，清华大学数百名学生在紫荆公寓一带集会，举着白纸喊“民主法治，表达自由”，校方人员举着喇叭劝离，有学生当场质问校方领导。武汉大学27日晚有学生冒雨在行政楼前聚集，要求学校公布防疫决策过程、允许学生自愿返乡。南京、西安、成都、广州等地的高校，有的在宿舍楼集体喊楼，有的在食堂、图书馆前静坐举纸。多所学校连夜承诺“自愿返乡、不追究”，并安排车辆送学生离校——对许多学生来说，这是他们成年之后第一次发现，集体站在原地不动，原来真的能改变一件事的结局。The universities: The campus protests had a shape of their own. On the evening of November 26, Peking University students posted slogans and gathered outside a canteen. On the 27th, several hundred Tsinghua students assembled near the Zijing dormitories, holding blank paper and shouting “Democracy and rule of law, freedom of expression,” while university staff with loudspeakers urged them to disperse and students questioned administrators to their faces. That night at Wuhan University, students gathered in the rain before the administration building, demanding the university publish its epidemic decision-making and let students return home voluntarily. At universities in Nanjing, Xi'an, Chengdu, Guangzhou and elsewhere, students shouted from dormitory blocks or sat in silent paper-holding vigils before canteens and libraries. Many universities promised overnight — voluntary return home, no punishment — and arranged vehicles to take students away. For many of them it was the first discovery of their adult lives: that standing together in one place, unmoving, could actually change how something ended.
具体的人：举白纸的人大多没有留下名字，这正是这场运动的样子。南京那名女生被带离谈话后回到学校；上海被抓走的人里，有编辑、记者、普通上班族。运动平息后，抓捕在暗处继续：2022年12月至2023年1月，北京、上海等地多名参与者被秘密带走。据人权组织和外媒报道，被带走者包括出版社编辑、记者和公益机构的工作人员，有人被以“寻衅滋事”取保候审，有人被关押数月。他们中的多数获释后保持沉默，注销了社交账号。还有人因此丢了工作、被房东退租、被单位约谈——代价不大张旗鼓，却实实在在。与此同时，海外的中国留学生在纽约、伦敦、东京等地的校园和街头举起白纸声援，运动被外媒称为“A4革命”。The people: Most of those who held up blank paper left no names — which is exactly what this movement looked like. The Nanjing student was taken away for a talk and returned to her school. Among those seized in Shanghai were editors, journalists and ordinary office workers. After the streets quieted, the arrests continued in the dark: from December 2022 into January 2023, participants in Beijing, Shanghai and elsewhere were taken away in secret. According to human rights organizations and foreign media, they included publishing-house editors, reporters and NGO staff; some were released on bail pending trial for “picking quarrels,” others were held for months. Most, once released, kept silent and deleted their social-media accounts. Others lost jobs, had leases terminated, or were summoned by their employers — costs paid without fanfare, but paid all the same. Meanwhile, Chinese students abroad raised blank paper on campuses and streets in New York, London, Tokyo and other cities; foreign media named the movement the “A4 Revolution.”
被带走的人：2023年1月，北京的抓捕集中落在亮马河抗议的参与者身上，被带走的多名年轻女性是编辑、记者和出版社员工，被外界称为“亮马河四女生”。其中出版社编辑曹芷馨在被带走之前录下一段视频，交代如果自己失联超过24小时，就请朋友把视频公之于众——视频在她失联后流出，她对着镜头逐条交代自己的参与经过和心愿，语气平静。这一案件经外媒报道后引发广泛关注。被带走者的确切人数至今没有权威统计，人权组织记录在案的有数十人；多数人的结局是取保候审和长期的沉默。Those who were taken: In January 2023, Beijing's arrests fell on participants in the Liangma River gathering; several young women taken away — editors, journalists and publishing-house staff — became known outside as the “four women of Liangma River.” One of them, publishing editor Cao Zhixin, had recorded a video before her detention, instructing friends to publish it if she was out of contact for more than 24 hours. After she disappeared, the video surfaced: facing the camera, she calmly itemized what she had done and what she hoped for. Foreign reporting on the case drew wide attention. There is still no authoritative count of those taken; human rights organizations have documented several dozen. For most, the outcome was release on bail pending trial — and long silence afterward.
白纸的来历：举白纸抗议并非2022年的发明。它常被追溯到一个苏联时代的笑话：一个人在红场散发白纸，被警察抓获，警察说纸上什么都没写，那人回答——“还需要写吗？大家都懂。”2020年香港国安法实施后，香港抗议者曾以举白纸回应不能再喊的口号；2022年俄乌战争初期，俄罗斯反战者也举过白纸。在2022年11月的中国，它的含义被现场的人说得很清楚：不是没有话，是话不让说。白纸因此成了一种双向的保护：对审查者，它无字可删；对拍摄者，它指向明确。运动后，“白纸”进入多国媒体的年度词汇盘点，“A4革命”的叫法流传至今。Where the blank paper came from: Protesting with blank paper was not invented in 2022. It is usually traced to a Soviet-era joke: a man handing out blank leaflets in Red Square is seized by police, who object that nothing is written on them; he answers, “Why write anything? Everyone understands.” After Hong Kong's National Security Law in 2020, Hong Kong protesters raised blank paper in place of slogans they could no longer shout; in early 2022, Russian anti-war protesters did the same. In China in November 2022, people at the scene stated its meaning plainly: it was not that there was nothing to say — it was that saying was forbidden. The blank page thus protected in both directions: for the censor, there were no words to delete; for the camera, the meaning was unmistakable. Afterward, “white paper” entered several countries' words-of-the-year reviews, and the name “A4 Revolution” has stuck.
诉求原文（有出处）：白纸本身即诉求——以无字抗议审查。现场口号包括“不要核酸要自由”“解封”“言论自由”“新闻自由”，在上海等地还喊出“习近平下台”“共产党下台”（多地现场视频记录）。清华园里，有人举起写有物理学弗里德曼方程的纸，被同学解读为“自由人”的谐音哑谜。运动没有统一的书面宣言。（出处：多地现场视频；公共电视新闻网2022年11月报道）Original demands (sourced): The blank paper was itself the demand — censorship protested through wordlessness. Slogans heard on site included “No COVID tests, we want freedom,” “Lift the lockdown,” “Freedom of speech” and “Freedom of the press”; in Shanghai and elsewhere, crowds also chanted “Xi Jinping, step down” and “Communist Party, step down” (recorded in videos from multiple cities). On the Tsinghua campus, someone held up a page bearing the Friedmann equation from physics, read by fellow students as a homophone riddle for “free man.” The movement had no unified written manifesto. (Sources: on-site videos; Public Television Service news reports, November 2022)
政策转向的时间线：政策的松动其实早于抗议，但转向发生在抗议之后。11月11日，防疫“二十条”发布，要求不得随意封控，但各地执行混乱，加码与放松并存。抗议爆发后，节奏陡然加快：11月29日起，广州、重庆等地宣布调整；12月1日，孙春兰在国家卫健委座谈会上说“我国疫情防控面临新形势新任务”，通篇不再提“动态清零”；12月5日，她的公开讲话同样回避了清零字样；12月7日，“新十条”出台：除特殊场所外不再查验核酸和健康码，不再强制集中隔离，跨地区流动不再查验；12月13日，通信行程卡下线；12月26日宣布，自2023年1月8日起对新冠实施“乙类乙管”，入境隔离取消。从第一声抗议到清零终结，前后四十多天；官方叙述中，这一切是“因时因势优化调整”，抗议二字从未出现。Timeline of the policy turn: The loosening in fact predated the protests, but the turn came after them. On November 11, the “Twenty Measures” were issued, forbidding arbitrary lockdowns, yet implementation was chaotic, with tightening and relaxing side by side. After the protests erupted, the tempo abruptly quickened: from November 29, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other cities announced adjustments; on December 1, Sun Chunlan told a health-commission symposium that China's epidemic work “faced new circumstances and new tasks,” without once mentioning “dynamic zero”; her December 5 remarks likewise avoided the word zero; on December 7 the “New Ten Measures” appeared — no more testing or health-code checks except in special venues, no more compulsory centralized quarantine, no checks on interregional travel; on December 13 the itinerary code went offline; on December 26 it was announced that from January 8, 2023, COVID would be managed as a Class B disease and inbound quarantine abolished. From the first protest to the end of zero-COVID was just over forty days; in the official narrative it was all “optimization in light of the times,” and the word protest never appeared.
事后处理：12月5日，主管防疫的副总理孙春兰的公开讲话不再提“动态清零”；12月7日，“新十条”发布，大规模核酸检测、集中隔离和健康码查验迅速取消，12月13日行程码下线——执行了三年的清零政策，在抗议之后不到两周内事实上终结。官方从未承认政策转向与抗议有关，也从未公布运动中的被捕人数。相关事件页：白纸运动Aftermath: On December 5, Vice Premier Sun Chunlan's public remarks on epidemic policy no longer mentioned “dynamic zero-COVID.” On December 7, the “New Ten Measures” were issued: mass testing, centralized quarantine and health-code checks were rapidly dismantled, and the itinerary code went offline on December 13 — the zero-COVID policy enforced for three years effectively ended within two weeks of the protests. The authorities never acknowledged any connection between the policy reversal and the protests, and never published a count of those arrested. See: White Paper Movement
放开的代价与数字争议：清零的终结不是没有代价的句号。政策急转之时，退烧药、抗原在全国药房脱销；12月至2023年1月，感染海啸席卷各大城市，医院发热门诊和殡仪馆排起长队。死于这一波疫情的人数，官方与学术估计差距悬殊：官方分阶段公布的全国在院新冠相关死亡数字累计不足十万；而多家学术机构在国际期刊上发表的超额死亡研究，估算这一时期的超额死亡在一百万以上。两种口径之间隔着统计范围、死因认定和数据公开程度的巨大差异，至今没有公认的结论。本站与处理六四数字的方式相同：并列呈现，注明来源，不替读者下结论。The cost of reopening, and the disputed figures: The end of zero-COVID was not a cost-free full stop. As policy spun around, fever medicine and test kits vanished from pharmacy shelves nationwide; from December into January 2023, a tsunami of infection swept the big cities, and fever clinics and crematoria filled with queues. The death toll of that wave is disputed across a wide gap: the official figures for COVID-related deaths in hospitals, released in stages, total under one hundred thousand, while excess-mortality studies by several academic institutions, published in international journals, estimate excess deaths in the same period at over one million. Between the two figures lie vast differences of statistical scope, cause-of-death attribution and data openness, and there is still no agreed conclusion. This site treats the question as it treats the June Fourth toll: figures side by side, sources stated, no conclusion imposed on the reader.
海外声援：国内抗议的消息传出后，声援先在留学生圈子里成形。2022年11月27日起，纽约哥伦比亚大学、伦敦、巴黎、悉尼、东京等数十个城市的大学校园和公共场所出现集会，参加者多为中国留学生，举白纸、献花、点蜡烛，也有人举着四通桥横幅的复制品。集会者普遍面临被拍摄和被举报的压力：有人戴口罩和墨镜出席，有人回家后发现自己的照片在国内社交平台流传。声援集会的规模从几十人到上千人不等，持续了数周。这一波海外集会被认为是1989年之后中国留学生最大规模的同步政治行动。许多参加者后来回忆，那是他们第一次在公共场合说出在国内不能说的话——地点在国外，话却是说给国内听的。Solidarity abroad: As news of the domestic protests spread, solidarity took shape first among overseas Chinese students. From November 27, 2022, gatherings appeared on campuses and in public spaces in dozens of cities — New York's Columbia University, London, Paris, Sydney, Tokyo and more — attended mostly by Chinese students holding blank paper, flowers and candles, some carrying replicas of the Sitong Bridge banners. Attendees generally faced the pressure of being photographed and reported: some came in masks and sunglasses; some found their own photos circulating on domestic platforms afterward. The gatherings ranged from dozens to over a thousand people and continued for weeks. The wave is regarded as the largest synchronized political action by Chinese students abroad since 1989. Many participants later recalled that it was the first time they had said in public the things that cannot be said at home — the place was foreign soil, but the words were addressed to home.
被捕者的后续：据人权组织和律师圈的持续追踪，2022年12月至2023年1月被秘密带走的参与者，大多数在2023年内以取保候审方式获释，取保期一年内被限制离境、被要求保持沉默；曹芷馨等四名北京女性，据多家媒体报道，于2023年秋天前后结束监视居住回到家中，此后公开消息近乎消失。是否有人被正式起诉判刑，至今没有可证实的信息。这种处理方式后来被研究者概括为“无声的惩罚”：不公开抓捕、不公开审判、不留下判决书，只留下当事人的自我审查。对运动的许多普通参加者而言，惩罚不是牢房，而是从此在任何需要填表的问题上都要先停顿一下的人生。What became of the detained: By the continuing tracking of human rights organizations and legal circles, most participants secretly taken between December 2022 and January 2023 were released during 2023 on bail pending trial, barred from leaving the country for a year and required to keep silent. Cao Zhixin and the three other Beijing women, according to multiple media reports, ended their residential surveillance and returned home around the autumn of 2023; public news of them has since nearly vanished. Whether anyone was formally prosecuted and sentenced remains unverified. Researchers have since summed up the method as “silent punishment”: no public arrest, no public trial, no judgment left behind — only the detainee's self-censorship. For many ordinary participants, the punishment was not a cell but a life in which, at every form that must be filled in, one now hesitates first.
留下的东西：白纸运动留下的首先是一张白纸：什么都没写，却人人都懂，成了审查时代流传最广的抗议符号。其次是一个结果——这是1989年以来，街头抗议第一次在短短两周内迫使当局放弃一项重大政策。它还留下了无数没有留下名字的普通人：每年11月下旬，海外的纪念集会上仍有人举起白纸。它留给后来者的问题和答案是同一个：当所有的话都被删掉的时候，站出来本身，就是一句话。What it left behind: The White Paper Movement left, first of all, a blank sheet of paper: nothing written on it, understood by everyone — the most widely traveled protest symbol of the censorship era. Second, it left a result: for the first time since 1989, street protest compelled the authorities to abandon a major policy within two weeks. And it left countless ordinary people whose names were never recorded: every late November, at commemorative gatherings overseas, blank paper is still raised. The question and the answer it handed to those who come after are the same: when every word can be deleted, standing up is itself a sentence.
路牌与周年：运动之后，上海乌鲁木齐中路的路牌成了一个特殊的纪念物。有报道说，抗议后不久，那块路牌一度被摘下，消息传出后，更多市民专程前往与空荡的路牌杆合影，路牌随后被装回。此后每逢11月下旬，总有市民路过时献上一束花，又总会被很快清理。2023年、2024年的11月，伦敦、纽约、悉尼、台北等地的纪念集会如期举行，主题多是“我们没有忘记”；集会上举的白纸，有的在背面用小字写着当年在场的城市名。对参加过的人来说，白纸运动的纪念方式和它的发生方式一样：没有中心、没有组织者，到时候，自己来。The street sign and the anniversaries: After the movement, the Urumqi Middle Road street sign became a peculiar memorial object. Reports said that not long after the protests the sign was taken down; when word spread, still more residents made special trips to photograph themselves with the bare pole, and the sign was put back. Since then, every late November, flowers appear at its base — and are always quickly cleared away. In November 2023 and 2024, commemorative gatherings were held as expected in London, New York, Sydney, Taipei and other cities, most under the theme “We have not forgotten”; some of the blank sheets raised there bear, in small characters on the back, the name of a city where the bearer had stood in 2022. For those who took part, the way of commemorating the White Paper Movement matches the way it happened: no center, no organizers — when the day comes, you come yourself.
上海街头的人声：白纸运动流传最广的影像里，除了白纸，还有几段普通人的喊话。一段视频中，上海街头一位中年女子对着警察的队伍喊：你们也有孩子，你们也有父母——周围的人群随即鼓掌。另一段里，一名年轻男子在警车旁高喊“放人”，被按住时仍在喊。这些片段的共同点是：喊话的人都没有组织身份，喊完就消失在人群和后来的沉默里。运动的口号史也可以从这些视频里听出来：从“解封”“不要核酸要自由”，到质问警察依据什么抓人，再到“言论自由”“新闻自由”——诉求在三天里走完了从具体到原则的路。这条演变线，是白纸运动区别于一般抗议封控事件的关键：它从民生开始，但没有停在民生。Voices in Shanghai's streets: Among the White Paper Movement's most widely circulated images, alongside the blank sheets, are several clips of ordinary people shouting. In one video, a middle-aged woman in a Shanghai street calls out to a line of police: you have children too, you have parents too — and the crowd around her applauds. In another, a young man beside a police vehicle shouts “Let them go” and keeps shouting as he is pinned down. What these clips share is that the speakers have no organizational identity; having shouted, they vanish into the crowd and the silence that followed. The movement's slogan history can be heard in these videos: from “lift the lockdown” and “no more tests, we want freedom,” to demanding on what legal basis the police were arresting people, to “freedom of speech” and “freedom of the press” — in three days the demands traveled from the concrete to the principled. That trajectory is the key that distinguishes the White Paper Movement from an ordinary anti-lockdown disturbance: it began with livelihood, but it did not stop there.
档案来源：本条目的材料包括：抗议期间从上海、北京、成都、武汉等地流出的现场视频和照片（经多家媒体核验）、公共电视新闻网和路透社、美联社、BBC等对11月26至28日各城市抗议的报道、中国人权捍卫者网络等组织对事后抓捕的追踪记录、2022年12月国务院联防联控机制发布会和“新十条”文件原文，以及《柳叶刀》等期刊上关于放开后超额死亡的研究论文。被捕者的确切人数和名单无法完整获得，本站只采用有姓名、有出处、经两个以上来源印证的个案；对数字的处理方式与六四条目相同：并列口径，注明来源，不下单一结论。Sources for this entry: Materials behind this entry include on-site video and photographs from Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Wuhan and other cities during the protests (verified by multiple outlets); reporting on the November 26–28 protests by Public Television Service, Reuters, AP, the BBC and others; tracking records of the subsequent arrests by CHRD and other organizations; the State Council's December 2022 press conferences and the text of the “New Ten Measures”; and excess-mortality research on the reopening period published in journals including The Lancet. A complete count and roster of the detained cannot be obtained; this site uses only cases with names and sources corroborated by two or more independent reports, and handles figures as it does in the June Fourth entry: side by side, sources stated, no single conclusion imposed.
拍下来的人：白纸运动的档案里，还有一个人的名字应当被记住：陈品霖，网名Plato，上海的纪录片工作者。2022年11月，他在乌鲁木齐中路和亮马河等地拍下抗议现场，剪成短片《乌鲁木齐中路》，于事件一周年之际在海外发布，片中是普通人的脸、口号和烛光。2023年11月底，陈品霖被上海警方带走；2025年1月，他被以“寻衅滋事罪”判处有期徒刑三年六个月。据报道，检方指控的核心正是这部短片的传播。他是目前已知唯一一位因记录白纸运动而被判刑的人。他的遭遇给这场运动的档案补上了最后一环：举白纸的人被悄悄处理，拍白纸的人被公开判刑——前者是警告，后者是标本。The man who filmed it: One more name belongs in the White Paper Movement's archive: Chen Pinlin, known online as Plato, a documentary worker in Shanghai. In November 2022 he filmed the protests on Urumqi Middle Road, along the Liangma River and elsewhere, and edited the footage into a short film, Urumqi Road, released abroad at the movement's first anniversary — ordinary people's faces, slogans and candlelight. At the end of November 2023, Chen was taken by Shanghai police; in January 2025 he was sentenced to three and a half years for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble.” By report, the core of the prosecution's case was precisely the film's circulation. He is, to date, the only person known to have been sentenced for documenting the White Paper Movement. His fate completes the movement's archival loop: those who held the paper were handled quietly; the man who filmed the paper was sentenced in the open — the first a warning, the second a specimen.
成都望平街：内陆城市里，成都的抗议留下了另一种气质。11月27日晚，望平街一带的人群沿着锦江两岸行进，举起手机电筒，有人放起、也有人唱起了粤语老歌《海阔天空》——“原谅我这一生不羁放纵爱自由”——这段视频在网上流传极广。人群与警察多数时间保持着一段距离，行进持续到深夜。望平街的画面后来成了白纸运动的一个标志性切片：没有横幅，没有领袖，只有一条河、一首歌和一群不肯回家的人。它和上海的冲突、北京的对峙、南京的静默一起，构成了这场运动的四种面孔。本站记录这些细节，是因为档案的价值正在于此：四十年后的人们要想理解2022年11月发生了什么，靠的不是结论，而是这些面孔。Chengdu's Wangping Street: Among inland cities, Chengdu's protest left a different flavor. On the evening of November 27, crowds around Wangping Street moved along both banks of the Jin River holding up phone flashlights, and someone played — and others sang — the Cantonese oldie “Boundless Oceans, Vast Skies”: “Forgive me, for this life of unbridled love of freedom.” The video traveled extremely widely. Crowds and police kept a distance from each other most of the time, and the march went on until deep into the night. The Wangping Street footage became an emblematic slice of the movement: no banners, no leaders, only a river, a song and a crowd unwilling to go home. Together with Shanghai's confrontations, Beijing's standoffs and Nanjing's silence, it forms the movement's four faces. This site records such details because that is where an archive's value lies: forty years from now, anyone wanting to understand what happened in November 2022 will rely not on conclusions, but on these faces.
乌鲁木齐的记者会：火灾次日，11月25日，乌鲁木齐市召开疫情防控新闻发布会。消防部门负责人在说明火灾时称，起火小区不存在铁丝捆绑单元门的情况，并提到部分居民自防自救能力弱。这段话当晚传遍社交网络，成为点燃全国情绪的又一根引线：许多人记住的不是通报的死亡数字，而是自救能力弱这几个字。当天傍晚，乌鲁木齐市民陆续走上街头，从住宅区向市政府一带聚集，高喊解封，与警察对峙至深夜；次日凌晨，当地宣布已基本实现社会面清零目标，将分阶段恢复低风险区生活秩序。后来各地的抗议者说，他们是看到乌鲁木齐人先走上街之后，才敢走出来的——这场运动的起点不在上海，不在北京，而在火灾发生的那座城市本身。Urumqi's press conference: The day after the fire, on November 25, Urumqi held a COVID press conference. The fire-services official explaining the blaze said the compound's unit doors had not been bound shut with wire, and remarked that some residents' ability to protect and rescue themselves was weak. The phrase spread across social media that night and became another fuse for the national mood: what many people remembered was not the death toll in the briefing, but those few words about self-rescue. That evening, Urumqi residents took to the streets, gathering from residential districts toward the city government, chanting for the lockdown to be lifted, facing police into the night; in the early hours the city announced it had basically achieved zero COVID at the community level and would restore daily life in low-risk areas in stages. Protesters elsewhere later said they dared to go out only after seeing Urumqi go first — this movement did not begin in Shanghai or Beijing, but in the city where the fire burned.
重庆超哥的下落：背景里提到的重庆演讲者，网民称他超哥。2022年11月24日晚，他在小区人群中演讲，说这个世界只有一种病，叫不自由和穷；警察上前带人时，他被邻居们围住护下，这段视频当晚的转发以千万计。此后他一度被警方带走问话，获释后在网上短暂现身，感谢护住他的人，称自己没事，之后账号沉寂。他的演讲词被抄成文字四处流传。没有人确切知道他的全名，他只有一个外号和一段影像：有脸，有声，无名——这正是2022年11月中国普通人抗争的标准像。与他相比，更多在小区门口喊过话的人连外号都没有留下，他们的声音只存在于邻居的记忆和已被删除的视频里。What became of Brother Chao: The Chongqing speaker mentioned above was nicknamed Brother Chao by internet users. On the night of November 24, 2022, he told the crowd in his compound that there is only one sickness in this world — being unfree and poor; when police moved in to take him, his neighbors surrounded him and held them off, and the video was shared tens of millions of times that night. He was later taken in for questioning; after his release he appeared briefly online to thank those who had shielded him and say he was fine, and then his account went quiet. His speech was transcribed and passed around as text. Nobody knows his full name with certainty; he has only a nickname and a piece of footage: a face, a voice, no name — the standard portrait of an ordinary Chinese protester in November 2022. Beside him, still more people who shouted at their compound gates left not even a nickname behind; their voices survive only in neighbors' memories and in deleted videos.