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丁子霖Ding Zilin

一、生平：人民大学哲学教授1. Early Life: A Philosophy Professor at Renmin University

丁子霖1936年12月20日生于上海（其出生年份另有1939年一说，支联会资料曾用1939年；丁子霖本人2006年受访时自述为1936年，本站从其本人说法）。她1956年入中国人民大学新闻系，后任人民大学哲学系副教授，研究美学与哲学；丈夫蒋培坤是人民大学哲学系教授、美学研究所所长。丁子霖1960年加入中国共产党，自述曾是一个「真诚的共产党员」。独生子蒋捷连生于1971年，1989年时是人民大学附属中学高二学生，年17岁。这个家庭在1989年之前，是北京知识阶层中再普通不过的一户人家。Ding Zilin was born on December 20, 1936 in Shanghai (some records, including Hong Kong Alliance materials, give 1939; in a 2006 interview Ding herself said 1936, which this site follows). She entered the journalism department of Renmin University of China in 1956 and later became an associate professor of philosophy there, working on aesthetics; her husband, Jiang Peikun, was a professor of philosophy and head of the university's aesthetics institute. Ding joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1960 and has described herself as once having been "a sincere Communist." Their only son, Jiang Jielian, born in 1971, was a second-year student at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University in 1989, aged seventeen. Before 1989, the family was an unremarkable household of Beijing's academic class.

二、1989年6月3日夜：蒋捷连之死2. The Night of June 3, 1989: The Death of Jiang Jielian

1989年春，北京学生与市民以悼念胡耀邦为起点发起抗议，要求反腐败与政治改革。5月19日，当局宣布在首都部分地区实行戒严。蒋捷连多次去广场参加活动，父母想拦拦不住。6月3日夜里约11时10分，他跳窗离家，骑车经木樨地前往天安门广场方向，在复兴门外大街29号楼前被戒严部队子弹击中。据目击者后来告诉丁子霖，子弹自背后穿入心脏；他被送往北京儿童医院，到院时已死亡。蒋捷连被认为是6月3日夜里最早被打死的学生之一。当晚至6月4日凌晨，戒严部队在长安街沿线及北京多处向阻拦军车与抗议的市民开枪，死亡人数至今没有确切统计：中共官方当年的口径是「二三百人」（包括士兵）；各方估计从数百人到数千人不等；2017年英国解密档案引述的消息来源称约一万人（此数字仅见于该档案，未获独立证实）。In the spring of 1989, Beijing students and citizens began protests that started with mourning for Hu Yaobang and demanded action against corruption and political reform. On May 19 the authorities declared martial law in parts of the capital. Jiang Jielian went to the Square repeatedly; his parents could not stop him. At about 11:10 p.m. on June 3, he climbed out of a window, cycled through Muxidi toward Tiananmen Square, and was struck by a martial-law soldier's bullet in front of No. 29 Fuxingmenwai Street. Eyewitnesses later told Ding Zilin the bullet entered his back and pierced his heart; he was taken to Beijing Children's Hospital and pronounced dead on arrival. Jiang Jielian is regarded as one of the first students killed that night. Through the night of June 3–4, troops fired on citizens blocking the advance and protesting along Chang'an Avenue and across Beijing. The death toll has never been established: the CCP's official figure at the time was "two to three hundred" (including soldiers); outside estimates range from several hundred to several thousand; a declassified 2017 British diplomatic file cited a source claiming around ten thousand (a figure appearing only in that file and not independently verified).

儿子死后，丁子霖据其自述曾六次试图自杀。她把儿子的骨灰安放在家中，骨灰盒旁放着一块柏林墙碎块与奥斯维辛纪念馆的照片。她说，她余生要做的事从那一夜起就定下了：找到其他死难者的家人，把死者的名字一个一个查实。After her son's death, Ding has said she attempted suicide six times. She keeps his ashes at home, with a fragment of the Berlin Wall and a photograph of the Auschwitz memorial beside the urn. She has said that from that night her life's task was set: to find the other victims' families, and to verify the names of the dead one by one.

三、「天安门母亲」群体的形成3. The Formation of the Tiananmen Mothers

1989年8月，丁子霖结识了另一位失去儿子的母亲，互助网络由此开始生长：张先玲（儿子王楠19岁，在天安门附近中弹身亡）、黄金平（丈夫宋晓明遇难）等人陆续加入。这个后来被称为「天安门母亲」的群体，成员约一百多个家庭，核心工作有两件：一是在恐惧中逐一寻访、核实死难者身分；二是向当局提出诉求。寻访极难：许多家庭怕受牵连不敢开口，有的单位要求家属不许声张。丁子霖1991年接受美国广播公司（ABC）采访，公开讲述儿子之死，是群体成员最早的公开现身之一，代价接踵而至：她与丈夫被停止工作与研究、在国内不得发表，党籍被开除，她本人被拘留40多天，并被提前退休。In August 1989 Ding met another mother who had lost a son, and a mutual-support network began to grow: Zhang Xianling (whose son Wang Nan, 19, was shot dead near Tiananmen) and Huang Jinping (whose husband Song Xiaoming was killed) were among those who joined. The group that became known as the Tiananmen Mothers comprises roughly a hundred-plus families. Its work is twofold: tracing and verifying the identity of each victim amid pervasive fear, and petitioning the authorities. The tracing was extraordinarily hard — many families were too frightened to speak, and work units ordered relatives to stay silent. In 1991 Ding gave an interview to ABC News, publicly recounting her son's death — one of the group's first public appearances. The price followed immediately: she and her husband were barred from work and research, banned from publishing domestically, she was expelled from the Party, detained for more than 40 days, and forced into early retirement.

四、三十年公开信：三点要求4. Three Decades of Open Letters: The Demands

1995年起，天安门母亲群体每年在全国人大、政协「两会」期间向国家领导人发出联署公开信，至今从未得到一次正式回复。群体早年提出的诉求包括：允许家属公开悼念亲人、允许接受国内外人道援助、停止迫害死难者家属与伤者、释放所有因1989年运动仍在押的人、全面公开交代六四镇压。其后归纳为三点要求，即丁子霖反复表述的：说出真相、追究责任、安慰亲属（一说「慰藉家属」，包括道歉与赔偿）。2019年六四30周年的公开信由128名成员联署，并附列55名已去世成员的姓名「以遵其遗愿」。2021年32周年公开信附列的已故成员增至62人。2024年六四35周年，群体发表由114名家属联署的公开声明，重申公布死难者人数与姓名、赔偿家属、追究责任三项要求。2025年36周年，群体再发声明，108人联署，尤维洁列名首位。群体发言人长期由尤维洁担任，她的丈夫杨子明在镇压中遇难。From 1995, the Tiananmen Mothers have sent a joint open letter to China's leaders during the annual "Two Sessions" of the National People's Congress and the CPPCC — and have never once received a formal reply. Their early demands included: the right to mourn publicly, the right to accept humanitarian aid from home and abroad, an end to the persecution of victims' families and the injured, the release of everyone still imprisoned for their role in the 1989 movement, and a full public accounting of the crackdown. These were later distilled into three demands, as Ding Zilin repeatedly put them: tell the truth, hold those responsible to account, and console the families — including apology and compensation. The 2019 letter for the 30th anniversary was signed by 128 members and appended the names of 55 members who had died, "to honour their wishes." By the 32nd anniversary letter in 2021, the appended list of deceased members had grown to 62. For the 35th anniversary in 2024, the group issued a statement signed by 114 family members restating the three demands — publish the names and number of the dead, compensate families, and pursue legal responsibility. For the 36th anniversary in 2025, another statement was signed by 108, with You Weijie first among the signatories. You, whose husband Yang Ziming was killed in the crackdown, has long served as the group's spokesperson.

五、名单：一个一个查实的202个名字5. The List: 202 Names Verified One by One

丁子霖与群体成员用近二十年时间，在监控与骚扰下逐一核实死难者：姓名、年龄、单位、遇难时间地点、遗体下落。1999年前后，她整理的《六四受难者名册》开始流传；2006年6月底，她确认的实名死者为186人；其后群体公布的核实名单达到202人——这个数字是本站人物卡与多家媒体沿用的口径。202人不是死亡总数的估计，而是「有名有姓、经家属证实」的下限：群体公开信历年强调，实际死亡人数远高于此，许多外地来京者与无亲属出面者永远无法计入。她2007年出版《寻访六四受难者》一书，记录寻访过程，同年2月8日获独立中文笔会颁发的瓦西里·斯图斯自由写作奖。2006年11月，美国《时代》周刊亚洲版将她选入「60年来的60名亚洲英雄」，评语称她是「一位心碎的母亲为揭露天安门事件的真相而战斗」。Over nearly two decades, under surveillance and harassment, Ding and the group's members verified the dead one by one: name, age, work unit, time and place of death, and what became of the remains. By around 1999 her register of June Fourth victims began to circulate; by the end of June 2006 she had confirmed 186 named dead; the group's verified list later reached 202 names — the figure used in this site's person card and by many media outlets. The 202 is not an estimate of the total death toll but a floor: names with families to confirm them. The group's letters stress that the real toll is far higher, and that victims who came to Beijing from elsewhere, or whose families dared not come forward, can never be counted. Her book recording the search, Looking for the June Fourth Victims, won the Vasyl Stus Freedom-to-Write Award from the Independent Chinese PEN Center on February 8, 2007. In November 2006, Time magazine's Asian edition named her among its "60 Years of Asian Heroes," describing her as a heartbroken mother fighting to reveal the truth of Tiananmen.

六、监控、拘留与「被旅游」：迫害的日常形态6. Surveillance, Detentions and Forced "Vacations": Persecution as Routine

丁子霖夫妇的遭遇记录在国际特赦组织等机构的多份报告里：1994年9月9日，她因在外媒发表文章在大学门前被警方带走扣留两小时。1995年8月18日，北京世界妇女大会前夕，夫妇二人在无锡被拘捕，关押至9月30日大会闭幕后才获释，不许探视，当局称为「经济问题」。1996年，蒋培坤被迫提前退休。据群体资料，自2000年2月28日起，丁子霖处于24小时监控之下。2004年3月28日，丁子霖、张先玲、黄金平三人同时被捕，当局先否认，后称她们参与「外国势力支持的非法活动」；在国际抗议下三人于当周获释，但此后长期被严密监视、电话被监听。2004年5月24日起，夫妇处于软禁状态。2007年6月，六四18年后，丁子霖夫妇与徐珏、马雪芹才首次获准到儿子遇难的木樨地祭奠；国际特赦组织当年在记录这一「允许」时，仍呼吁开放公开悼念。2008年北京奥运会期间，她被带离北京「强制度假」。2009年六四20周年前后，她被软禁家中，电话与网络被切断，连去木樨地祭奠都不被允许。2010年10月刘晓波获诺贝尔和平奖消息公布后，夫妇二人一度与外界失联四天，电话被掐断。2016年六四前夕，《纽约时报》报道她被警方带离住所「沉默」处理。2019年5月20日，六四30周年前夕，她被按当局要求带离北京，到江苏无锡暂住，直到6月4日过后才回京。The treatment of Ding and her husband is documented in reports by Amnesty International and others. On September 9, 1994, she was seized in front of her university and held by police for two hours for publishing an article in foreign media. On August 18, 1995, on the eve of the World Conference on Women in Beijing, the couple was arrested in Wuxi and held until September 30, after the conference ended, denied visitors, officially over "economic matters." In 1996 Jiang Peikun was forced into early retirement. Group records state that from February 28, 2000, Ding was under 24-hour surveillance. On March 28, 2004, Ding, Zhang Xianling and Huang Jinping were arrested simultaneously; the authorities first denied it, then claimed the women were involved in "illegal activities supported by foreign forces." Amid international protest the three were released that week, but remained under close watch, their phones tapped. From May 24, 2004, the couple was under house arrest. Only in June 2007 — eighteen years on — were Ding, her husband, Xu Jue and Ma Xueqin first permitted to mourn at Muxidi where their children died; Amnesty International, noting the permission, still called for open public mourning to be allowed. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics she was taken out of the capital for a forced "vacation." Around the 20th anniversary in 2009 she was confined at home, phone and internet cut, and not permitted even to go to Muxidi to mourn. In October 2010, after Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize was announced, the couple was out of contact with the outside world for four days, their phones cut. Before the 2016 anniversary, The New York Times reported she had been taken away by police and silenced. On May 20, 2019, ahead of the 30th anniversary, she was required by the authorities to leave Beijing for Wuxi, Jiangsu, returning only after June 4 had passed.

七、丈夫去世与群体老去7. Her Husband's Death and a Group Growing Old

2015年9月27日，蒋培坤在故乡无锡因心脏病逝世，享年82岁。他生前与妻子共同执笔群体多封公开信，至死没有等到任何一句官方答复。丁子霖低调处理后事。天安门母亲群体的老去有公开信上的数字为证：联署名单后附列的「已故同仁」从2019年的55人增至2021年的62人，此后仍在增加；在世联署人则从2019年的128人降至2024年的114人、2025年的108人。群体成员大多已年逾七八十岁。2024年六四前夕，自由亚洲电台报道，群体成员被逐一告知不得接受媒体采访，张先玲家门外有保安驻守。丁子霖本人近年已极少公开受访，群体的对外发声主要由发言人尤维洁承担。On September 27, 2015, Jiang Peikun died of heart disease in his hometown of Wuxi, aged 82. He had co-drafted many of the group's open letters with his wife; he died without ever receiving a single official reply. Ding handled the funeral quietly. The group's ageing is documented in its own letters: the appended list of "deceased fellow members" grew from 55 in 2019 to 62 in 2021 and has kept growing, while living signatories fell from 128 in 2019 to 114 in 2024 and 108 in 2025. Most members are now in their late seventies or eighties. Before the 2024 anniversary, Radio Free Asia reported that members had been told one by one not to give media interviews, and that a guard was posted outside Zhang Xianling's door. Ding herself has rarely given public interviews in recent years; the group's public voice is now carried mainly by its spokesperson, You Weijie.

八、国际社会的关注8. International Attention

丁子霖与天安门母亲是1989年之后国际社会持续时间最长的中国人权议题之一。国际特赦组织数十年追踪其个案与群体诉求，人权观察、「中国人权」（HRIC）历年转载群体公开信全文。1991年ABC采访、1999年CNN专题、2004年《时代》周刊「勇气母亲」报道、2009年《新闻周刊》专访，一代代记者把这个群体的故事带到世界。她在2009年的采访中质问：邓小平为何不像波尔布特那样被送上审判席；同年她批评美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿「人权不应妨碍美中关系」的说法——尽管她也承认，1995年正是希拉里出席的妇女大会期间的国际关注帮助她获释。美国国务院历年六四声明多次提及天安门母亲，要求北京停止骚扰家属、公布死难者名单。各国政府与联合国人权机构历年呼吁的内容三十多年没有变化，因为家属的处境三十多年没有变化。Ding Zilin and the Tiananmen Mothers have been among the longest-running China human-rights stories since 1989. Amnesty International has tracked her case and the group's demands for decades; Human Rights Watch and Human Rights in China publish the group's open letters in full each year. The 1991 ABC interview, a 1999 CNN profile, Time's 2004 "Mother Courage" feature and a 2009 Newsweek interview carried the group's story to successive generations of readers worldwide. In her 2009 interviews she asked why Deng Xiaoping was never brought to trial as Pol Pot was, and criticised US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's remark that human rights should not interfere with US–China relations — while acknowledging that international attention around the 1995 Women's Conference Clinton attended had helped secure her release that year. US State Department June Fourth statements over the years have repeatedly named the Tiananmen Mothers, demanding Beijing stop harassing the families and publish the names of the dead. The content of foreign governments' and UN bodies' appeals has barely changed in three decades, because the families' situation has barely changed in three decades.

十、关键日期时间线10. Key Dates Timeline

1936年12月20日，丁子霖生于上海。1960年加入中国共产党，任中国人民大学哲学系副教授；丈夫蒋培坤为同系教授。1989年6月3日约23时10分，独生子蒋捷连（17岁，人民大学附属中学高二学生）在北京木樨地一带中弹身亡，送北京儿童医院时已死亡。1989年8月起，丁子霖开始寻访其他死难者家属，天安门母亲群体由此形成。December 20, 1936: Ding Zilin is born in Shanghai. She joins the CCP in 1960 and becomes an associate professor of philosophy at Renmin University; her husband Jiang Peikun is a professor in the same department. At about 11:10 p.m. on June 3, 1989, their only son Jiang Jielian — 17, a second-year student at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University — is shot dead in the Muxidi area of Beijing, pronounced dead on arrival at Beijing Children's Hospital. From August 1989 Ding begins finding other victims' families; the Tiananmen Mothers group forms from this search.

1991年，丁子霖接受美国广播公司采访公开讲述儿子之死，其后夫妇被停职、禁止发表，她被开除党籍、拘留40多天并被提前退休。1994年9月9日，她在大学门前被警方带走扣留两小时。1995年，天安门母亲首次向两会发出联署公开信，提出说出真相、追究责任、安慰亲属的诉求；同年8月18日，夫妇在无锡被拘捕至9月30日。2004年3月28日，丁子霖与张先玲、黄金平同时被捕，国际抗议下当周获释。2006年底，她确认的实名死难者达186人；同年获《时代》亚洲版选为「60年来的60名亚洲英雄」之一。2007年6月，她首次获准到木樨地祭奠儿子。1991: Ding gives an ABC interview publicly recounting her son's death; the couple are suspended from work and banned from publishing, she is expelled from the Party, detained over 40 days and forced into early retirement. September 9, 1994: she is held by police for two hours outside her university. 1995: the Tiananmen Mothers send their first joint open letter to the Two Sessions demanding truth, accountability and consolation for families; on August 18 the same year the couple is arrested in Wuxi and held until September 30. March 28, 2004: Ding, Zhang Xianling and Huang Jinping are arrested together and released within the week amid international protest. By the end of 2006 she has confirmed 186 named dead; that year Time's Asian edition names her one of its "60 Years of Asian Heroes." June 2007: she is permitted for the first time to mourn at Muxidi, where her son died.

2008年北京奥运会期间，丁子霖被带离北京；2009年六四20周年前后被软禁、断电话网络；2010年10月因刘晓波获诺贝尔和平奖，夫妇与外界失联四天。2015年9月27日，蒋培坤在无锡病逝，终年82岁。2019年5月20日，六四30周年前夕，她被带离北京至无锡暂住；同年群体公开信有128人联署，附55名已故成员名单。2024年六四35周年，群体声明有114名家属联署；2025年36周年声明有108人联署。群体历年核实的实名死难者名单为202人。During the 2008 Beijing Olympics Ding is taken out of the capital; around the 20th anniversary in 2009 she is confined at home with phone and internet cut; in October 2010, after Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize is announced, the couple is out of contact for four days. September 27, 2015: Jiang Peikun dies in Wuxi, aged 82. May 20, 2019: ahead of the 30th anniversary she is taken from Beijing to Wuxi; that year's group letter carries 128 signatories and appends 55 deceased members. For the 35th anniversary in 2024 the group's statement is signed by 114 family members; for the 36th in 2025, by 108. The group's verified register of named dead stands at 202.

十一、名单是怎样查出来的11. How the List Was Built

丁子霖的核实方法，群体成员多年反复讲述：先找到家属，听家属口述，再对照死亡证明、医院记录、墓地与骨灰存放记录交叉核对，四项对得上才列入名单。难点在于每一环都被堵着：不少医院的死亡证明上，死因被写成含糊字眼；有的单位要求家属签下不声张的保证才发还遗体；许多死者骨灰被要求低调安葬、不许立碑。寻访本身也危险——家属第一次见面往往约在公园或茶馆，先确认对方不是来「做工作」的人。她2007年出版的《寻访六四受难者》记录了这个过程：一户一户敲门，一个名字一个名字核对。202这个数字因此有双重含义：它既是名单的长度，也是三十多年里愿意并且能够站出来作证的家庭的上限。没有被列入的，不等于不存在——群体公开信历年都写明，许多外地死难者姓名已永远无法查考。The verification method Ding and the group describe over many years: find the family, take their account, then cross-check it against the death certificate, hospital records, and cemetery or ashes-depository records; only when these align is a name entered on the list. Every link in that chain was obstructed: on many hospital death certificates the cause of death was written in euphemisms; some work units made families sign pledges of silence before releasing remains; many families were required to bury ashes quietly, with no gravestone. The search itself was risky — first meetings with families often took place in parks or teahouses, to be sure the visitor was not someone sent to "do work" on them. Her 2007 book, Looking for the June Fourth Victims, documents the process: door by door, name by name. The figure 202 therefore carries a double meaning: it is the length of the list, and also the ceiling of families who, over thirty years, were willing and able to stand as witnesses. Those not on the list are not thereby non-existent — the group's letters state year after year that the names of many victims from outside Beijing can never now be recovered.

群体公开信的寄送方式三十年不变：每年以挂号信寄给全国人大常委会与国家领导人，并在海外公开发表全文。2019年的公开信写道，信件年年寄出，「从未听到过只言片语的回复，仿佛石沉大海」；换来的不是答复，而是公安、国保对家属「越来越严密的管控」。这封信里，家属们把自己称为「六四英灵的守护者」。丁子霖与丈夫共同执笔了其中多封信的初稿；蒋培坤2015年去世后，信仍按年发出，只是联署名单后「已故同仁」一栏逐年变长。这份名单与公开信一起，构成这个群体留给历史的两份文件：一份记录死者，一份记录活人如何被对待。The group's way of sending its letters has not changed in thirty years: each year the letter goes by registered mail to the NPC Standing Committee and the country's leaders, and is published in full overseas. The 2019 letter records that the letters are sent year after year and have never received a single word in reply, as if stones cast into the sea; what came back instead was ever-tighter control of the families by public and state security. In that letter the families call themselves "guardians of the souls of the June Fourth dead." Ding and her husband jointly drafted many of the letters; after Jiang Peikun's death in 2015 the letters continued annually, only the appended column of deceased fellow members grows longer each year. Together, the register and the letters are the two documents this group leaves to history: one records the dead; the other records how the living were treated.

十二、其他母亲与死亡人数之争12. The Other Mothers, and the Fight Over the Number

天安门母亲不是一个人。张先玲的儿子王楠1989年时19岁，6月3日夜在天安门附近中弹身亡。据张先玲多年讲述，儿子遗体曾被匆匆掩埋在一所学校操场边，家属多方寻访才掘出遗体、领回骨灰；她家中的电话三十多年来是家属网络的联络点之一。尤维洁的丈夫杨子明在社科院系统工作，6月3日夜在长安街一带遇难；尤维洁后来成为群体发言人，是近年记者还能联系上的少数成员之一，2024年她向自由亚洲电台证实成员被逐一警告不得受访、张先玲门外有保安驻守。黄金平的丈夫宋晓明遇难，她与丁子霖、张先玲在2004年同日被捕。徐珏的儿子吴向东遇难时21岁。这些名字排在每一封公开信的联署栏里，顺序年年微调：有人退到「已故同仁」的附表里，有人家属接替签名。群体档案的这一面提示：名册记录死者，联署名单记录生者，两张名单都在变短。The Tiananmen Mothers are not one person. Zhang Xianling's son Wang Nan was 19 in 1989 and was shot dead near Tiananmen on the night of June 3. As Zhang has recounted for decades, his body was hastily buried at the edge of a school playground; only after a long search did the family recover and cremate his remains. Her home telephone served for over thirty years as one of the family network's contact points. You Weijie's husband Yang Ziming, who worked in the Academy of Social Sciences system, was killed along Chang'an Avenue that night; You later became the group's spokesperson and is one of the few members journalists can still reach — in 2024 she confirmed to Radio Free Asia that members had been warned one by one not to give interviews and that a guard was posted outside Zhang Xianling's door. Huang Jinping, whose husband Song Xiaoming was killed, was arrested on the same day as Ding and Zhang in 2004. Xu Jue's son Wu Xiangdong was 21 when he was killed. These names fill the signature columns of every open letter, their order shifting slightly year by year: some move into the appended table of the deceased; some are replaced by a relative's signature. This face of the group's archive carries its own lesson: the register records the dead, the signature list records the living, and both lists are getting shorter.

死亡总数之争是本案档案绕不开的一节，各方口径本站按来源分列：中共官方1989年的说法是包括士兵在内「二三百人」；当时的发言人袁木曾称约三百人。中国红十字会曾一度向外媒给出2600人的数字，随即公开否认、称从未统计，此事在多家媒体的回顾中有记载。天安门母亲群体三十多年核实的实名下限是202人，并明确说这只是「冰山一角」。美国国务院2014年解密文件引述的当时估计为「数百至近千人」量级；2017年英国解密档案中，一名英方外交人员引述其在中共体制内消息源的说法称约一万人——该数字至今只有这一份档案孤证，未获其他来源印证。学界与人权组织常用的表述是「数百至数千人，具体数字无法确知，因为从未有过独立调查」。这正是群体三点要求中「说出真相」排第一的原因：37年后，这个国家死了多少人，仍然是一个需要由母亲们逐个点名来逼近的问题。The dispute over the total death toll is unavoidable in any archive of this case; this site lists the figures by source. The CCP's official 1989 figure was "two to three hundred," soldiers included; its spokesman Yuan Mu spoke of about 300. The Red Cross Society of China at one point gave foreign media a figure of 2,600, then publicly retracted it, saying it had never compiled statistics — an episode recorded in many retrospective accounts. The Tiananmen Mothers' verified floor of named dead is 202, which they state plainly is only the tip of the iceberg. US State Department files declassified in 2014 cited contemporary estimates in the range of several hundred to about a thousand; the British file declassified in 2017 recorded a diplomat relaying a source inside the Chinese system claiming around ten thousand — a figure that remains supported by that single file alone, uncorroborated elsewhere. The formulation used by scholars and rights groups is "from several hundred to several thousand; the exact number cannot be known, because there has never been an independent investigation." This is why "tell the truth" comes first among the group's three demands: thirty-seven years on, how many people this country lost remains a question that can only be approached by mothers naming the dead one by one.

丁子霖对儿子的纪念方式，是把骨灰留在家里。据她多次受访所述，她要等到六四得到公正解决的那一天，才把捷连正式安葬；骨灰盒旁的柏林墙碎块，是1989年那个秋天之后一位朋友带给她的——同一年，另一堵墙倒下，她儿子的死讯却要在自己国家里等一个说法，一等三十多年。她的书房兼作群体的联络站：海内外记者、研究者、声援者三十多年找到这个群体的路径，大多先经过她。她很少再接受采访之后，这条路径移交给了尤维洁等尚能发声的成员。档案意义上，丁子霖这页记录的终点不是某个判决，而是一个问题：当最后一位母亲也不能说话时，202个名字与三十多封没有回音的信，由谁来接着保管。Ding's way of memorialising her son is to keep his ashes at home. As she has said in many interviews, she will give Jielian a formal burial only on the day June Fourth is justly resolved; beside the urn sits a fragment of the Berlin Wall, brought to her by a friend after that other autumn of 1989 — the year one wall fell, while her son's death has waited thirty years for an account in his own country. Her study doubled as the group's liaison office: for over thirty years, most journalists, researchers and supporters from home and abroad who found this group found it through her first. Since she largely stopped giving interviews, that path has passed to members like You Weijie who can still speak. In archival terms, the endpoint of this page is not any verdict but a question: when the last mother can no longer speak, who will keep the 202 names and the thirty-odd unanswered letters?

十三、群体内部分工与刘晓波13. Division of Labour Within the Group, and Liu Xiaobo

天安门母亲群体能存续三十多年，有一层内部分工的安排。美国全国公共广播电台（NPR）2014年的长篇报道记录：1991年那次ABC采访之后，张先玲一度主动转入低调多年，理由很实际——让群体先活下去；丁子霖则持续以公开面孔出现，承受随之而来的监控、骚扰、被迫退休与开除党籍。报道引述张先玲的话说，一个「伟大、光荣、正确」的党会害怕一个小老太太，恰恰说明这群老人站的位置是正义的一边。这种分工后来成为群体的常态：有人负责对外发声，有人负责保管名单与联络家属，有人只在联署时出现姓名。理解这一点，才能理解为何丁子霖近年退居幕后而群体没有消失：发言人换成了尤维洁，公开信照常寄出，名单照常保管。The Tiananmen Mothers' survival over more than three decades rests partly on an internal division of labour. NPR's long 2014 feature recorded that after the 1991 ABC interview, Zhang Xianling deliberately kept a low profile for years for a practical reason — to let the group survive — while Ding Zilin continued as its public face, absorbing the surveillance, harassment, forced retirement and Party expulsion that followed. The report quoted Zhang: that a great, glorious and correct party fears a little old lady shows precisely that these elderly people stand on the side of righteousness. The arrangement later became the group's norm: some speak publicly, some keep the register and the family network, some appear only as names on the letters. Only with this in view does it make sense that the group did not vanish as Ding stepped back in recent years: the spokesperson's role passed to You Weijie, the letters go out as usual, and the register is still kept.

群体与刘晓波的关系是另一条记录线。刘晓波生前与丁子霖夫妇过从甚密，每年撰文纪念六四死难者；2010年他在狱中得知获诺贝尔和平奖后，表示将奖献给六四亡灵——丁子霖夫妇随即在当年10月与外界失联四天（见第六节）。2017年7月刘晓波在羁押中病逝，当年六四前夕群体成员已被加强监控，无人能公开悼念他。从蒋捷连到刘晓波，这个群体悼念的名单里，后来添上了为死难者说话的人。这种叠加正是当局封锁记忆的难点：每封锁一层，就多一层需要被纪念的人。The group's relationship with Liu Xiaobo is another thread of record. Liu was close to Ding and her husband in his lifetime and wrote every year in memory of the June Fourth dead; in 2010, learning in prison that he had won the Nobel Peace Prize, he said he dedicated it to the spirits of the June Fourth victims — whereupon Ding and her husband were cut off from the outside world for four days that October (see Section 6). When Liu died in custody in July 2017, the group's members had already been placed under tightened surveillance ahead of that year's June Fourth, and none could mourn him publicly. From Jiang Jielian to Liu Xiaobo, the list this group mourns came to include a man who spoke for the dead. That accretion is the difficulty in the authorities' project of sealing memory: every layer they seal adds another layer of people to be remembered.

九、现状9. Current Status

截至2026年10月，丁子霖89岁（2026年12月满90岁），仍居北京。她近年没有公开受访记录，健康状况不为外界所知；天安门母亲群体2025年、2026年周年之际仍以联署声明方式发声（2026年37周年公开信延续监控与三点要求的控诉，据海外转载），群体人数随成员去世逐年减少。那份202人的实名名单仍是公开记录中最完整的六四死难者名册；官方对死亡总数的正式统计，37年后仍未公布。她的三点要求——说出真相、追究责任、安慰亲属——至今没有任何一项得到回应。As of October 2026, Ding Zilin is 89 (she turns 90 in December 2026) and still lives in Beijing. She has given no public interviews in recent years and her health is unknown to the outside world. The Tiananmen Mothers continued to speak through joint statements at the 2025 and 2026 anniversaries (the 2026 letter for the 37th anniversary, as reproduced overseas, again protested surveillance and restated the three demands), while its membership shrinks each year as members die. The list of 202 named dead remains the most complete public register of the June Fourth victims; thirty-seven years on, the authorities have still never published an official count of the dead. None of her three demands — truth, accountability, consolation for the families — has ever received a response.

本站点评Our Take

丁子霖案的迫害形态与坐牢不同：她没有被判过刑，但被开除党籍、被迫退休、被拘留、被24小时监控，每年六四前后被带离北京，连去儿子中弹的地点献一束花也要等18年、且需警方批准。一个国家用三十多年时间对付一群失去孩子的老人，手段从拘留软化为「被旅游」与门口站岗，目标始终不变：让死者没有名字、让悼念没有公开的时刻、让名单停在202人。群体联署人数从128降到108，不是诉求在消失，而是人在被时间带走——当局等的正是这个。The persecution in Ding Zilin's case took a different form from imprisonment: she was never sentenced, but she was expelled from the Party, forced to retire, detained, placed under 24-hour surveillance, and taken out of Beijing around every June Fourth; even laying flowers where her son was shot required an 18-year wait and police permission. For more than thirty years a state has directed its apparatus against a group of bereaved elderly parents, its methods softening from detention to forced "vacations" and a guard at the door, its aim unchanged: that the dead have no names, that mourning have no public moment, and that the list stop at 202. The group's signatories have fallen from 128 to 108 not because the demands are fading, but because time is taking the people — which is precisely what the authorities are waiting for.

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