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陈日君Cardinal Joseph Zen

一、生平：从上海到香港主教1. Early Life: From Shanghai to Bishop of Hong Kong

陈日君1932年1月13日生于上海，父母是天主教徒，他在教会学校读书，其间经历抗日战争。12岁入慈幼会备修院，1948年到香港，其后赴意大利都灵慈幼大学学习，1961年2月11日在都灵晋铎为神父，1964年获罗马慈幼大学哲学博士学位。1976至1978年任澳门慈幼中学校长，1977至1983年任慈幼会中华省会长。1989至1996年间，他在内地多所官方认可的神学院任教，对内地教会的处境有第一手了解——这段经历是他日后批评中梵关系的根基。1996年12月9日，他晋牧为香港教区助理主教；2002年9月23日胡振中枢机去世后接任香港教区第六任主教；2006年3月24日，教宗本笃十六世将他擢升为枢机，是香港教区历来第二位枢机。2009年4月15日他荣休，但从未停止公开发言。Joseph Zen was born on January 13, 1932 in Shanghai to Catholic parents and educated at church schools through the war with Japan. He entered the Salesian novitiate at twelve and came to Hong Kong in 1948, then studied at the Salesian University in Turin. He was ordained a priest in Turin on February 11, 1961, and earned a doctorate in philosophy from the Salesian Pontifical University in Rome in 1964. He was principal of the Salesian school in Macau (1976–1978) and provincial superior of the Salesians' China province (1977–1983). Between 1989 and 1996 he taught in state-recognised seminaries on the mainland, gaining first-hand knowledge of the Church's situation there — the root of his later criticism of Vatican–China relations. He was consecrated coadjutor bishop of Hong Kong on December 9, 1996; on September 23, 2002, following the death of Cardinal John Baptist Wu, he succeeded as the sixth Bishop of Hong Kong. On March 24, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI made him a cardinal, the second in the diocese's history. He retired on April 15, 2009, but never stopped speaking publicly.

二、主教任内：为民主与宗教自由发声2. As Bishop: Speaking for Democracy and Religious Freedom

陈日君接任主教之时，正值香港为《基本法》23条国家安全立法争议最烈的时期。他反对在没有白纸草案咨询的情况下立法，担心条文损害公民权利。2003年7月1日五十万人上街游行当日，他在维多利亚公园主持游行前祈祷会，呼吁教友凭良心走出来。他被建制派官员点名批评，薄熙来曾斥他「不爱教不爱国」。2004年6月3日六四15周年前夕，他公开说香港正经历一场「没有流血的六四镇压」——没有枪炮坦克，但有以释法阻挡普选讨论的做法。他2005年呼吁教友参加争取全面普选的游行，2010年公开反对政府政改方案。2011年10月，他承认自2005年以来收取黎智英约2000万港元捐款，全数用于支援内地地下教会与穷人及人道救援，没有用于个人享受。2011年10月，因反对政府改革教会办学团体校董会结构的官司败诉，他绝食三天抗议。Zen became bishop just as Hong Kong was convulsed by the debate over national-security legislation under Article 23 of the Basic Law. He opposed legislating without a white-paper consultation, fearing the provisions would damage civil rights. On July 1, 2003, the day half a million people marched, he led the pre-march prayer gathering at Victoria Park and urged the faithful to come out as their conscience demanded. Pro-establishment officials singled him out for criticism; Bo Xilai once accused him of "loving neither the Church nor the country." On June 3, 2004, the eve of the 15th anniversary of June Fourth, he said publicly that Hong Kong was undergoing "a Tiananmen crackdown without bloodshed" — no guns or tanks, but constitutional interpretations used to block discussion of universal suffrage. He urged Catholics to join pro-democracy marches in 2005 and publicly opposed the government's electoral reform package in 2010. In October 2011 he acknowledged having received about HK$20 million in donations from Jimmy Lai since 2005, all of it spent supporting the underground Church and the poor on the mainland and on humanitarian relief, none on himself. In October 2011, after losing a court battle over government restructuring of church school management, he protested with a three-day hunger strike.

三、批评中梵协议与声援地下教会3. Critic of the Vatican–China Deal, Defender of the Underground Church

陈日君最持久的战场是中梵关系。他认为，忠于教宗的内地「地下教会」信徒数十年拒绝加入官方爱国会、为此坐牢受压，任何承认官方教会地位的安排都是对他们的背叛。2014年他公开请教宗方济各不要到访中国，称教宗会被操纵、只能见到官方安排的非法主教。他批评负责谈判的教廷国务卿帕罗林是「没有多少信仰的人」。2018年1月，他亲赴罗马向方济各递交信件，为被要求让位给官方主教的汕头教区郭顺龙主教等地下主教请命。2018年9月22日，梵蒂冈与北京签署主教任命临时协议，他其后多次公开批评协议等于让中共挑选主教、令地下教会边缘化；协议于2020年、2022年、2024年三度续签，他的批评从未停止。他同时直言，方济各不了解「真正的中国共产党」。这些立场使他成为全球天主教界对中共宗教政策最有分量的批评者，也使他成为北京眼中最不受欢迎的香港宗教领袖。Zen's longest battle was over Vatican–China relations. He held that mainland "underground Church" Catholics, who for decades refused to join the state-run Patriotic Association and suffered imprisonment for their loyalty to the Pope, would be betrayed by any arrangement legitimising the official Church. In 2014 he publicly asked Pope Francis not to visit China, saying the Pope would be manipulated and shown only state-approved, illegitimate bishops. He called Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Secretary of State conducting the negotiations, "a man of little faith." In January 2018 he travelled to Rome to hand Francis a letter pleading the case of underground bishops such as Bishop Guo Shunlong of Shantou, who had been pressed to step aside for a state-backed bishop. After the Vatican and Beijing signed the provisional agreement on episcopal appointments on September 22, 2018, he repeatedly criticised it as letting the CCP pick bishops and marginalising the underground Church; the agreement was renewed in 2020, 2022 and 2024, and his criticism never stopped. He said plainly that Francis did not know "the real Communist Party in China." These positions made him the Catholic world's most weighty critic of CCP religious policy — and, in Beijing's eyes, Hong Kong's least welcome religious leader.

四、2014与2019：在抗争现场4. 2014 and 2019: Present at the Protests

2014年雨伞运动期间，他到金钟占领区向抗争者讲话，说香港人要显示「我们要自由、不要做奴隶」；当晚警方施放催泪弹后，他呼吁抗争者散去以保安全。2019年反修例运动期间，他持续声援被捕者与民主派，批评教廷对香港局势沉默。他与何韵诗、吴霭仪、何秀兰、许宝强等人出任「612人道支援基金」信托人——该基金2019年6月成立，为反修例运动中被捕、受伤的人士提供法律、医疗与经济援助，至2021年3月收入约2.1亿港元。2021年9月，警方国安处要求基金提供运作与捐款资料，基金其后宣布停运，2021年10月18日正式停止运作。During the 2014 Umbrella Movement he addressed occupiers at Admiralty, saying Hongkongers must show "we want to be free, not slaves"; after police fired tear gas that night, he urged protesters to disperse for their safety. During the 2019 anti-extradition movement he continuously supported arrested protesters and the pro-democracy camp, and criticised the Vatican's silence on Hong Kong. He served as a trustee of the 612 Humanitarian Relief Fund alongside Denise Ho, Margaret Ng, Cyd Ho and Hui Po-keung. The Fund, set up in June 2019, provided legal, medical and financial assistance to people arrested or injured in the movement; by March 2021 it had taken in about HK$210 million. In September 2021 the police National Security Department demanded the Fund's operational and donation records; the Fund announced it would wind down and formally ceased operations on October 18, 2021.

五、2022年被捕：90岁的「勾结外国势力」嫌疑人5. Arrested in 2022: A 90-Year-Old "Foreign Collusion" Suspect

2022年5月10日，学者许宝强在香港国际机场准备赴德国出任访问研究职位时被国安处拘捕。5月11日，国安处以涉嫌违反《国安法》「串谋勾结外国或境外势力危害国家安全罪」拘捕612基金其余信托人：陈日君、吴霭仪、何秀兰、何韵诗。陈日君被带往柴湾警署问话——他就住在附近的教会寓所。当晚，他获准保释，但护照被没收。这是一名90岁荣休主教第一次被国家安全警察拘捕。梵蒂冈新闻室当日表示「关切」并密切关注；教廷国务卿帕罗林其后称，陈日君被捕不应被解读为否定中梵协议。美国白宫发言人公开呼吁中方立即释放被捕者；英国外交官员在国会称拘捕「不可接受」；多名美国主教呼吁为他祈祷。2022年5月24日，即「为中国教会祈祷日」，他如期在香港主持弥撒。On May 10, 2022, scholar Hui Po-keung was arrested by national security police at Hong Kong International Airport as he was leaving to take up a visiting research post in Germany. On May 11, the National Security Department arrested the 612 Fund's remaining trustees — Zen, Margaret Ng, Cyd Ho and Denise Ho — on suspicion of "collusion with foreign forces" under the National Security Law. Zen was questioned at Chai Wan police station, near the church residence where he lives. That night he was released on bail, but his passport was confiscated. It was the first time a 90-year-old retired bishop had been arrested by national security police. The Holy See's press office said that day it was "concerned" and following the situation closely; Cardinal Parolin later said the arrest should not be read as a disavowal of the Vatican–China agreement. The White House spokesperson publicly called on Beijing to release those arrested immediately; a British foreign minister called the arrests "unacceptable" in Parliament; several US bishops called for prayers for him. On May 24, 2022 — the day of prayer for the Church in China — he celebrated Mass in Hong Kong as scheduled.

六、未注册社团案：定罪、罚款与上诉（2022—2026年）6. The Unregistered-Society Case: Conviction, Fine and Appeals (2022–2026)

「勾结外国势力」的国安指控其后没有下文，落到实处的是一宗轻微得多的传票案件：控方指612基金没有按《社团条例》在成立后一个月内申请注册或豁免注册。案件2022年秋在西九龙裁判法院审理，主任裁判官严舜仪裁定基金属须注册的社团。2022年11月25日，五名信托人各被判罚款4000港元，基金秘书施城威罚款2500港元。这是《社团条例》下「未按例注册」罪名的首宗审讯案件。陈日君在判刑后对记者说，他只是一个大力支持人道援助的香港市民，希望案件不要与宗教自由扯上关系——基金帮的是有需要的人。五名信托人不服定罪上诉。2026年9月3日，高等法院上诉庭三名法官一致驳回上诉，维持原判；五人当庭表示将寻求上诉至终审法院。截至2026年10月，未见终审法院批出上诉许可的公开报道；而2022年那宗「勾结外国势力」的国安拘捕，四年多过去，当局从未就该罪名正式起诉他。The national-security allegation of "collusion with foreign forces" never went further. What materialised instead was a far smaller summons case: prosecutors said the 612 Fund had failed, as the Societies Ordinance requires, to apply for registration or exemption within a month of its establishment. The case was tried in autumn 2022 at West Kowloon Magistrates' Court, where Principal Magistrate Ada Yim ruled the Fund was a society required to register. On November 25, 2022, each of the five trustees was fined HK$4,000, and the Fund's secretary, Sze Ching-wee, HK$2,500. It was the first prosecution of its kind under the Societies Ordinance. After the verdict Zen told reporters he was simply a Hong Kong citizen who strongly supports humanitarian assistance, and hoped the case would not be associated with religious freedom — the Fund had helped people in need. The five trustees appealed. On September 3, 2026, a three-judge Court of Appeal panel unanimously dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions; the five announced they would seek to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal. As of October 2026 there is no public report of the Court of Final Appeal granting leave — and, more than four years on, the authorities have never formally charged him with the 2022 national-security allegation.

七、保释岁月：出境要向法庭申请7. Life on Bail: Needing a Court's Permission to Travel

被捕后，陈日君的护照一直被扣，他要离港必须向法庭申请临时发还。2023年1月，他获准赴罗马出席荣休教宗本笃十六世的葬礼，其间与教宗方济各私人会面；返港后一度因健康问题入院。2024年11月，他现身黎智英国安案审讯旁听。2025年4月教宗方济各逝世，他再向法庭申请取回护照，4月23日晚启程赴梵蒂冈出席4月26日的葬礼；因年逾80岁，他没有参加选出新教宗的秘密会议。2026年1月7至8日，94岁生日前夕，他又赴罗马出席教宗良十四世召开的特别枢机会议，在会上发言批评共议同行（Synod）进程被操控——据天主教媒体报道，他的发言称该进程是「铁腕操控」、是对主教尊严的侮辱。他每次离港与返港，都要经过同一套申请程序。Since his arrest, Zen's passport has been held; to leave Hong Kong he must apply to a court for its temporary return. In January 2023 he was permitted to travel to Rome for the funeral of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, during which he met Pope Francis in private audience; after returning he was briefly hospitalised with health problems. In November 2024 he attended a hearing of Jimmy Lai's national security trial. When Pope Francis died in April 2025, he again applied for his passport, departing on the evening of April 23 for the April 26 funeral in Vatican City; being over 80, he did not take part in the conclave. On January 7–8, 2026, on the eve of his 94th birthday, he travelled to Rome again for the extraordinary consistory convened by Pope Leo XIV, where he spoke against what Catholic media reported he called the "ironclad manipulation" of the Synod process and an insult to the dignity of bishops. Every departure and return runs through the same application procedure.

八、国际社会的反应8. International Responses

陈日君被捕是2022年国际社会对香港状况反应最强烈的事件之一。梵蒂冈的回应被普遍认为克制——新闻室只表示关切，帕罗林强调不影响中梵协议——这与陈日君多年来「教廷对北京过于乐观」的批评形成对照。美国白宫、国务院及多名前官员公开谴责拘捕并要求放人；英国政府在国会表态称拘捕不可接受；欧美多名主教与天主教媒体持续声援，称对他的拘捕是对宗教自由的打击。国际媒体（美联社、路透社、BBC等）对612基金案的审讯、上诉均有连续报道。相对之下，北京与港府的口径始终是：案件依法处理，与宗教自由无关。Zen's arrest drew some of the strongest international reaction to Hong Kong's situation in 2022. The Vatican's response was widely seen as restrained — the press office expressed concern, and Parolin stressed that the Sino-Vatican agreement was unaffected — a contrast with Zen's own long-standing criticism that the Holy See was too optimistic about Beijing. The White House, the State Department and former US officials publicly condemned the arrest and demanded releases; the British government told Parliament the arrests were unacceptable; bishops in the US and Europe and Catholic media worldwide voiced support, calling the arrest a blow to religious freedom. International media (AP, Reuters, BBC and others) covered the 612 Fund trial and appeals continuously. Beijing and the Hong Kong government's line throughout has been that the cases were handled according to law and had nothing to do with religious freedom.

十、关键日期时间线10. Key Dates Timeline

1932年1月13日，陈日君生于上海。1948年到香港，1961年2月11日在意大利都灵晋铎，1964年获哲学博士。1977至1983年任慈幼会中华省会长；1989至1996年在内地官方神学院任教。1996年12月9日晋牧为香港教区助理主教；2002年9月23日接任香港教区主教；2006年3月24日擢升枢机；2009年4月15日荣休。January 13, 1932: Joseph Zen is born in Shanghai. He comes to Hong Kong in 1948, is ordained in Turin on February 11, 1961, and earns a philosophy doctorate in 1964. From 1977 to 1983 he is provincial superior of the Salesians' China province; from 1989 to 1996 he teaches in official seminaries on the mainland. On December 9, 1996 he is consecrated coadjutor bishop of Hong Kong; on September 23, 2002 he succeeds as Bishop of Hong Kong; on March 24, 2006 he is made a cardinal; on April 15, 2009 he retires.

2003年7月1日，他在维园主持七一游行前祈祷会，反对23条立法。2014年雨伞运动期间他到金钟向抗争者讲话。2018年9月22日中梵签署主教任命临时协议，他持续公开批评。2019年6月，他与何韵诗、吴霭仪、何秀兰、许宝强出任612人道支援基金信托人；基金2021年10月18日停运。2022年5月11日，他被国安处以涉嫌勾结外国势力拘捕，当晚保释，护照被没收。2022年11月25日，他因未注册社团罪被判罚款4000港元。July 1, 2003: he leads the pre-march prayer gathering at Victoria Park against Article 23 legislation. In 2014 he addresses protesters at Admiralty during the Umbrella Movement. On September 22, 2018 the Vatican and Beijing sign the provisional agreement on bishop appointments, which he criticises continuously. In June 2019 he becomes a trustee of the 612 Humanitarian Relief Fund with Denise Ho, Margaret Ng, Cyd Ho and Hui Po-keung; the Fund ceases operations on October 18, 2021. May 11, 2022: he is arrested by national security police on suspicion of collusion with foreign forces, bailed the same night, his passport confiscated. November 25, 2022: he is fined HK$4,000 for failing to register a society.

2023年1月，他获法庭临时发还护照，赴罗马出席本笃十六世葬礼并与教宗方济各会面。2025年4月23日，他再度获准离港，赴梵蒂冈出席方济各葬礼。2026年1月7至8日，他赴罗马出席良十四世召开的特别枢机会议并发言批评共议同行进程。2026年9月3日，高等法院上诉庭驳回他与四名信托人就未注册社团案的上诉，五人宣布寻求上诉至终审法院。自2022年被捕至今，他从未就「勾结外国势力」被正式起诉。January 2023: a court temporarily returns his passport and he travels to Rome for Benedict XVI's funeral, meeting Pope Francis. April 23, 2025: he is again permitted to leave, travelling to Vatican City for Francis's funeral. January 7–8, 2026: he attends the extraordinary consistory convened by Leo XIV in Rome and speaks against the Synod process. September 3, 2026: the Court of Appeal dismisses the appeal by him and the four other trustees in the unregistered-society case; the five announce they will seek to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal. From his 2022 arrest to date, he has never been formally charged with "collusion with foreign forces."

十一、两度赴罗马请命：为地下主教与香港教区11. Two Journeys to Rome: Pleading for Underground Bishops and for Hong Kong

2018年1月，陈日君亲赴罗马，在教宗公开接见场合递交一封亲笔信。信中请命的对象是两位被要求「让位」的地下主教：汕头教区的庄顺龙主教——被要求退位，让曾被绝罚的官方主教黄炳章取而代之；闽东教区的郭希锦主教——被要求降为助理或辅理，让官方主教詹思禄居其上。两人都因拒绝加入官方教会体系而曾受打压。他其后公开说，教廷官员要求地下主教让位的方向等于叫信徒投降。这次罗马之行后不到九个月，中梵临时协议签署。2020年9月，他再赴罗马，希望就香港教区主教空缺（杨鸣章主教2019年1月逝世后一直未任命）与教宗方济各面谈，在罗马等候数日未获接见而回港。他对记者说自己年老、长途劳顿，但仍要来。据其本人受访所述，这两次行程都是「明知未必有用，也要把话带到」。In January 2018 Zen travelled to Rome in person and handed over a personal letter during a papal audience. The letter pleaded for two underground bishops being pressed to "step aside": Bishop Zhuang Shunlong of Shantou, asked to retire in favour of the once-excommunicated state-backed bishop Huang Bingzhang; and Bishop Guo Xijin of Mindong, asked to demote himself to auxiliary under the state-backed bishop Zhan Silu. Both had suffered for refusing to join the official Church structure. Zen said publicly afterwards that the Holy See's direction — asking underground bishops to yield — amounted to telling the faithful to surrender. Less than nine months after that journey, the provisional agreement was signed. In September 2020 he flew to Rome again, hoping to speak with Francis about the vacant see of Hong Kong (left empty since Bishop Michael Yeung's death in January 2019); he waited several days, was not received, and flew home, telling reporters he was old and jet-lagged but had to come. In his own interviews he described both journeys as bringing the message even knowing it might be of no use.

陈日君对内地教会的了解有具体的年头：1989年至1996年，他每半年到内地官方神学院授课一个学期，先后在上海佘山、北京、武汉、西安等地的修院教过书，与官方教会与地下教会的神职人员都有直接接触。1996年他获任命为香港助理主教后，再没有回去任教。他晚年反复说的一句话是：他批评中梵协议，不是因为不了解内地教会，而是因为太了解——他教过的修生、见过的地下主教，许多人后来在他口中成为「为信仰付过代价的人」。这段履历也是北京方面攻击他时的盲点：他对内地教会的发言资格，很难用「不了解中国」来否定。Zen's knowledge of the mainland Church has specific years to it: from 1989 to 1996 he taught a semester every half-year in official seminaries — at Sheshan in Shanghai, and in Beijing, Wuhan and Xi'an among other places — dealing directly with clergy of both the official and underground churches. After his 1996 appointment as Hong Kong's coadjutor bishop, he never taught there again. A line he repeated in old age was that he criticises the Vatican–China agreement not because he does not know the mainland Church, but because he knows it too well: seminarians he taught and underground bishops he met are, in his words, people who "paid a price for their faith." This record is also the blind spot in Beijing's attacks on him: his standing to speak about the mainland Church is hard to dismiss with "he does not understand China."

十二、「泛民五老」与建制派的长期攻击12. One of the "Five Elders" and a Standing Target

陈日君在香港政治光谱中的位置，有一份外电可以作证：据维基解密披露的美国驻港总领事馆2009年电文，美方将陈日君与李柱铭、陈方安生、黎智英、李鹏飞并列，称为民主派「五老」。这与北京方面的定性恰成镜像：官媒与建制派多年来称他为「政治主教」「反华主教」，攻击集中在他收取黎智英捐款一事。2011年10月文件外泄披露捐款后，他公开承认自2005年起共收黎智英约2000万港元，并逐项交代用途：支援内地地下教会人士、海外天灾人道救援、儿童活动与赴罗马参加宗教会议的旅费；教区方面表示从未代表教区收款，教区帐目亦无此记录。他强调没有一分钱用于个人享受。一个荣休主教在九十岁被国安警察拘捕，在建制派的叙事里是「终于执法」，在民主派与许多教友眼中，则是五十年教会生涯的必然结果：他说过的话太多，没有一句是向权力讨好的。Zen's place in Hong Kong's political landscape is attested by a diplomatic cable: according to a 2009 US Consulate cable released by WikiLeaks, American officials grouped Zen with Martin Lee, Anson Chan, Jimmy Lai and Allen Lee as the democracy camp's "five elders." Beijing's characterisation is its mirror image: state media and the pro-establishment camp have for years called him a "political bishop" and an "anti-China bishop," with attacks centred on his acceptance of Jimmy Lai's donations. When leaked documents disclosed the donations in October 2011, he acknowledged publicly that since 2005 he had received about HK$20 million from Lai, and itemised its uses: supporting underground Church members on the mainland, overseas disaster relief, children's activities, and travel to religious meetings in Rome. The diocese stated the money was never received on its behalf and appears nowhere in diocesan accounts. He stressed that not a cent went on personal enjoyment. To the pro-establishment narrative, the national-security arrest of a retired bishop at ninety was "the law finally enforced"; to the democracy camp and many of the faithful, it was the predictable outcome of a fifty-year church career in which he never once trimmed a sentence to please power.

2022年5月24日的一场弥撒是他被捕后状态的缩影。当天是普世教会订定的「为中国教会祈祷日」，他在西湾河圣十字架堂主持弥撒，为中国教会与受迫害者祈祷。两周前他刚以「勾结外国势力」嫌疑人身分度过一晚警署问话，护照被扣。弥撒如常进行，他没有在讲道中为自己辩护。据美联社当年的照片档案，这场弥撒的影像传遍全球媒体：一位90岁的枢机站在祭台前，身后是他再也无法自由前往的那个教会版图——内地地下教会在地图上不存在，在他的讲道与书信里存在了三十多年。A Mass on May 24, 2022 encapsulates his position after the arrest. That day is the Church's universal Day of Prayer for the Church in China; at Holy Cross Church in Sai Wan Ho he celebrated Mass, praying for the Church in China and for the persecuted. Two weeks earlier he had spent a night being questioned as a "collusion with foreign forces" suspect, and his passport had been taken. The Mass proceeded as normal; he did not use the homily to defend himself. Associated Press photographs of that Mass circulated worldwide: a 90-year-old cardinal at the altar, behind him the map of a Church he could no longer freely travel to — the mainland's underground Church, which does not exist on official maps, but has existed in his sermons and letters for over thirty years.

梵蒂冈对他的态度是理解本案的另一条线。教廷在他被捕后的回应停在「关切」二字，国务卿帕罗林强调被捕不影响中梵协议——而陈日君批评最力的正是帕罗林与这份协议。天主教媒体与评论多指出这种对照的尴尬：教会内最敢言的枢机被以国安罪名拘捕，教廷的公开立场是不要让事件妨碍与拘捕者的外交关系。陈日君本人对此没有公开抱怨教廷；他的批评始终对准协议本身与北京的宗教政策。2026年1月他在罗马枢机会议上的发言，批评的仍是教会内部的共议进程，没有把香港案件带进会场——这一点本身也是记录：他分得清哪些话对谁说。The Vatican's posture toward him is the other thread for understanding this case. The Holy See's response to his arrest stopped at the word "concern," with Parolin stressing that the arrest did not affect the Sino-Vatican agreement — the very agreement and the very Secretary of State Zen criticised most. Catholic media and commentators widely noted the awkwardness of the contrast: the Church's most outspoken cardinal arrested on a national-security allegation, while the Holy See's public position was that the event must not disturb diplomatic relations with those who arrested him. Zen himself did not publicly complain about the Vatican; his criticism remained aimed at the agreement itself and at Beijing's religious policy. In his January 2026 intervention at the Rome consistory, what he criticised was still the Church's internal synodal process; he did not bring his Hong Kong case into the hall — itself a matter of record: he has always known which words are for whom.

十三、为内地被囚主教发声与教会内的质疑者13. Speaking for Imprisoned Mainland Bishops, and a Questioner Within the Church

陈日君为内地受迫害神职人员发声的记录贯穿其荣休岁月。他多年在文章与讲道中提及保定教区苏志民主教——1997年被当局带走后再未公开露面，是中国地下教会最著名的强制失踪个案之一——并质问教廷为何在协议谈判中不提这些人的下落。他亦为多名被拘押、被软禁的主教与神父公开呼吁。在他的论述框架里，这些名字是检验中梵协议的试纸：若协议换不来一位失踪主教的下落，它换来的就只是沉默。这也是他2018年亲赴罗马的原因之一：把具体的人名带到教宗面前，而不是只谈抽象的「关系正常化」。Zen's record of speaking for persecuted mainland clergy runs through his retirement years. In articles and sermons he has repeatedly named Bishop Su Zhimin of Baoding — taken away by the authorities in 1997 and never seen publicly since, among the most prominent enforced disappearances in China's underground Church — and asked why the Holy See did not raise such men's whereabouts in the agreement negotiations. He has also spoken publicly for numerous detained and house-arrested bishops and priests. In his framework, these names are the litmus test of the Vatican–China agreement: if the deal cannot buy the whereabouts of one disappeared bishop, what it purchases is only silence. This was also one reason for his 2018 journey to Rome: to place specific names before the Pope, rather than speak only of abstract "normalisation of relations."

他在全球教会内的角色到晚年仍在扩大。2023年8月，他与另外四位枢机（布兰德米勒、伯克、伊尼格斯、萨拉）联署向教宗方济各提交第二份「五点质疑」（dubia），质疑共议同行主教会议的必要性与相关神学立场——这份联署使他与全球天主教保守派的核心圈子并列。2026年1月枢机会议上的发言延续了这条线。对本站而言，这一节的意义在于对照：一位在教会内部以质疑者著称的枢机，在自己的城市里因一宗罚款4000港元的注册案被定罪、因一宗从未起诉的国安罪名被扣护照四年多。他在罗马会议厅里有三分钟发言权，在香港的法庭上则是被告。两种身分之间的落差，是理解这个人物现状的最后一块拼图。His role in the global Church kept growing into old age. In August 2023 he joined four other cardinals — Brandmüller, Burke, Íñiguez and Sarah — in submitting a second set of five dubia to Pope Francis, questioning the necessity of the Synod on Synodality and related theological positions, a move that placed him among the core of the global Catholic conservative circle. His January 2026 consistory intervention continued that line. For this site, the significance of the section is a contrast: a cardinal known within the Church as a questioner stands in his own city convicted in a HK$4,000 registration case, his passport held for over four years over a national-security allegation that was never charged. In a Roman consistory hall he has three minutes to speak; in a Hong Kong courtroom he is a defendant. The distance between those two positions is the last piece in understanding his present situation.

十四、牧徽格言与教区的沉默14. His Episcopal Motto and the Diocese's Quiet

陈日君的牧徽格言是「平安抵岸全靠祂」（拉丁文 Ipsi Cura Est，意为「祂顾念」）。他被捕后，香港教区官方的公开回应相当有限：教区当时表示关注事态，未就拘捕本身作进一步评论——与他在任主教时教区事事发声的风格相比，这种安静本身被许多教友注意到。他荣休后寓居的教会寓所与他被问话的柴湾警署相距不远。94岁的他如今的生活半径，就是在这两者与法院、弥撒之间往返。理解他的现状，不需要夸大：没有牢房，没有流亡，只有一本拿不回来的护照，和一个说了五十年真话、到老仍未学会停口的人。Zen's episcopal motto is Ipsi Cura Est — "He cares." After his arrest, the Hong Kong diocese's public response was limited: it expressed concern at the development and made no further comment on the arrest itself — a quiet that many of the faithful noticed, against the diocese's outspoken style when he led it. The church residence where he lives in retirement is not far from the Chai Wan police station where he was questioned. At 94, the radius of his life now runs between those two points, the courts, and the Mass. Understanding his present situation requires no exaggeration: no cell, no exile — only a passport that cannot be retrieved, and a man who has spoken plainly for fifty years and has not learned, in old age, how to stop.

九、现状9. Current Status

截至2026年10月，陈日君94岁，仍居香港。他没有被判过监：四年多来压在他身上的，是一宗罚款4000港元的社团注册案——上诉刚被驳回，正寻求终审上诉——和一宗从未正式起诉的「勾结外国势力」国安拘捕，后者使他的护照至今被扣、每次离港都要向法庭申请。他仍在公开场合出现：旁听黎智英案、出席枢机会议、在教会节日主持弥撒。他对中梵协议的批评没有停过，对内地地下教会的声援也没有停过。As of October 2026, Cardinal Zen is 94 and still lives in Hong Kong. He has never been sentenced to prison. What has hung over him for more than four years is a HK$4,000 fine in a society-registration case — appeal just dismissed, a final appeal being sought — and a national-security arrest for "collusion with foreign forces" that never became a charge, but which still keeps his passport confiscated and forces him to seek a court's permission for every trip abroad. He continues to appear in public: attending Jimmy Lai's trial, addressing a consistory in Rome, celebrating Mass on Church feasts. His criticism of the Vatican–China agreement has not stopped; neither has his defence of the mainland's underground Church.

本站点评Our Take

陈日君案的分寸要写准：他没有坐牢，被定罪的只是一个人道基金「没有注册」。但这正是此案的要害——先以最高刑可达终身监禁的「勾结外国势力」罪名拘捕一位90岁枢机、没收护照，再以罚款4000港元的小案定罪，国安拘捕本身完成了威慑，轻罪定罪提供了「依法办事」的外观。四年多不正式起诉，护照就四年多拿不回来；离港奔丧、开会，都要法庭批准。一个曾为内地地下教会奔走半生的人，晚年出入自己城市的自由，要逐次申请。The proportions of Cardinal Zen's case must be stated precisely: he has not been jailed; his only conviction is for a humanitarian fund's "failure to register." But that is exactly the point of the case. National security police first arrested a 90-year-old cardinal on suspicion of "collusion with foreign forces" — an offence punishable up to life imprisonment — and seized his passport; a HK$4,000 fine then supplied the appearance of due process while the arrest itself did the deterring. Four years without a formal charge means four years without his passport; travel to a pope's funeral or a consistory requires a court's permission each time. A man who spent half his life advocating for the mainland's underground Church must now apply, trip by trip, for the freedom to leave his own city.

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