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The decision-makers: CCP leaders who ordered persecutions and made the policies. Sorted by the year of each figure's signature persecution. Behind every name lies a long list of victims.

康生

1942

Yan'an screening & Rescue Campaign; Cultural Revolution case groups; expelled posthumously 1980

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毛泽东

1949
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张国华

1959
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张经武

1959
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谭冠三

1959
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邓小平

1989
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胡锦涛

1989
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陈希同

1989

Mayor and Party secretary of Beijing, 1983–1993; in 1989 he signed the martial-law order as mayor and delivered the report to the NPC Standing Committee that set the official line endorsing the Tiananmen crackdown; sentenced to 16 years in 1998 for corruption and dereliction of duty

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李鹏

1989

Premier of the State Council, 1988–1998; he transmitted and defended the 26 April Editorial's verdict in 1989, announced martial law on television on the night of 19 May and signed the 20 May martial-law order — a principal executor of the June 4 crackdown, whose final clearing decision rested with Deng Xiaoping and the party elders; he was never held to account, and his 2019 official obituary still praised him for resolutely quelling counter-revolutionary turmoil

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陈奎元

1992
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王乐泉

1994
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江泽民

1999
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李岚清

1999
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王茂林

1999
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薄熙来

1999
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叶小文

1999

Ye Xiaowen (born August 1950, Ningxiang, Hunan): China's top administrator of religion for fourteen years, May 1995 to September 2009, as director of the Bureau of Religious Affairs and then of the State Administration for Religious Affairs; later Party secretary and first vice-president of the Central Institute of Socialism (2009–2016) and a CPPCC Culture, History and Study Committee deputy director. In December 199

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刘京

2001
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罗干

2002
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李长春

2002

Politburo Standing Committee member in charge of ideology and propaganda, 2002–2012; the censorship and Great Firewall apparatus expanded sharply on his watch, with media control, internet censorship and the propaganda line on Tibet and Xinjiang all run through the system he headed

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董建华

2003

Hong Kong's first Chief Executive, 1997–2005; his 2002–03 push for Article 23 security legislation triggered the 500,000-strong march of 1 July 2003 and the bill was withdrawn; two NPCSC interpretations during his tenure narrowed Hong Kong's autonomy and path to universal suffrage; died in Hong Kong on 8 September 2026

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周永康

2007
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张庆黎

2008
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孟建柱

2008
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努尔·白克力

2008
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王作安

2009
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李东生

2009

Became MPS vice minister and director of the Central 610 Office in 2009, running the office built to persecute Falun Gong; previously a CCTV deputy director and propaganda vice minister; sentenced to 15 years for bribery in 2016

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张春贤

2010
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陈全国

2011
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胡春华

2011
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刘奇葆

2012

Head of the CCP Central Propaganda Department (2012–2017) and chief executor of the first phase of Xi-era ideological tightening — the central reprint order after Southern Weekly, Document No. 9's transmission through his system, the 2013 rumour crackdown and journalists' political exams, media convergence and system-wide implementation of 'Party media surnamed Party' all fall in his tenure; as Sichuan party secretar

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刘云山

2013

Head of the Central Propaganda Department 2002–2012, then the Politburo Standing Committee member overseeing ideology 2012–2017; the 2013 Southern Weekly editorial incident and the 'seven unmentionables' fell within his propaganda tenure

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庹震

2013

Tuo Zhen: Guangdong provincial propaganda chief (2012–2015), bearing departmental and chief's responsibility for the January 2013 Southern Weekly New Year Greeting incident. Under his leadership the Propaganda Department summoned editor-in-chief Huang Can and others after the edition had been finalised and its editors sent home, bypassed editorial procedure, rewrote pages, shrank the cover image and imposed a celebra

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夏宝龙

2014
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张德江

2014

Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, 2013–2018, holding the Hong Kong and Macao portfolio; took the hard line behind the 31 August framework during the Umbrella Movement; the November 2016 interpretation of Basic Law Article 104 issued on his watch led to six elected legislators being disqualified

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刘金国

2014

Director of the Central 610 Office from January 2014 to January 2015 — the Party body created on 10 June 1999 specifically to direct the persecution of Falun Gong, which on his watch was still running 'education and transformation' campaigns; a career public-security official who rose to head the National Supervisory Commission in 2023; no international sanctions record

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鲁炜

2014

Lu Wei: the first director of China's cyberspace administration line (took over the State Internet Information Office in April 2013; the CAC nameplate followed in 2014; served to June 2016), and from 2013 to 2016 the front-line executor and public spokesman of the Party's tightening grip on online speech. In office he proposed the Seven Bottom Lines, oversaw the rectification of Weibo's Big Vs (Charles Xue was detain

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郭声琨

2015

The 2015 '709' crackdown fell in his tenure as Minister of Public Security; as PLAC secretary from 2017 he oversaw the Xinjiang internment peak and Hong Kong's National Security Law machinery

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傅政华

2015
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杨焕宁

2015

Executive deputy minister and deputy Party secretary of the Ministry of Public Security, 2008–2015, a core operator of the stability-maintenance system; he was the ministry's No. 2 when the 709 crackdown was launched in July 2015 under Minister Guo Shengkun, bearing institutional responsibility for its day-to-day machinery; moved to head the work-safety administration in October 2015, then in 2017 placed on two years' Party probation, removed from office and demoted three grades

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吴爱英

2015

Minister of Justice 2005–2017; the licence-inspection, revocation and punishment system under her ministry was used against rights lawyers, and the justice system joined the smearing of detained lawyers during the 709 crackdown; expelled from the Party in 2017

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曹建明

2015

Ten years as Procurator-General (2008–2018): his system approved arrests and prosecuted Liu Xiaobo, Ilham Tohti and the 709 lawyers, and investigated and prosecuted Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai and Ling Jihua. Moved to an NPC vice-chairpersonship in 2018; designated by name by the United States in December 2020, with the blocking still in force.

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李纪恒

2016
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吴英杰

2016
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陈文清

2016

Minister of State Security 2016; National Intelligence Law; PLAC secretary from 2022

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车俊

2016

Zhejiang governor and Party secretary (2016–2020) who came from five years as XPCC political commissar: the cross campaign had largely ended before he arrived, but Gu Yuese's second arrest, Bishop Shao Zhumin's repeated removals, Wenzhou's ban on minors in church, enforcement of the 2018 religious regulations and the arrest of bookseller Chen Yu all fell within his tenure — and no US, EU, UK or Canadian sanctions lis

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赵克志

2017

Minister of Public Security; 2018 classified Xinjiang speech (Police Files)

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习近平

2017
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王明山

2017
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朱海仑

2017
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彭家瑞

2017
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霍留军

2017
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雪克来提·扎克尔

2017
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蔡奇

2017

Beijing party secretary 2017; 40-day clearances after the Daxing fire expelled migrant tenants

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周强

2017

As chief justice in 2017 he ordered courts to 'show the sword' against judicial independence and listed the 709 convictions in his NPC work report

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赵乐际

2017

Five years running personnel at the Organisation Department (2012–2017), then five years running discipline as CCDI Secretary (2017–2022): the supervisory reform enacted, liuzhi replacing shuanggui, 3.066 million cases opened and 2.992 million people disciplined. NPC Chairman from 2023, he then presided over the Supervision Law amendment extending liuzhi. Checked item by item, he is designated by none of the US, EU,

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黄坤明

2017

Head of the Central Propaganda Department (2017–2022) and Politburo member: the anti-pornography campaign deployed under his chairmanship, Xuexi Qiangguo, the one-reviewer-per-thousand-videos rule, the nationwide county media convergence drive, the Xinjiang white papers and the Hong Kong and COVID narrative campaigns all fell within his tenure; no public record of a personal order by him, and no US, EU, UK or Canadia

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汪洋

2018

Fourth-ranked Politburo Standing Committee member and CPPCC chairman (2018–2023) who headed the central Tibet and Xinjiang coordination groups — holding the Xinjiang post through the US genocide determination and the UN assessment while repeatedly endorsing high-pressure stability maintenance in Xinjiang, yet never designated on US, EU, UK or Canadian sanctions lists.

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慎海雄

2018

Founding President of China Media Group (2018–present) and deputy head of the Propaganda Department: the three broadcasters were merged under the department, with a statutory mission to propagate Party policy and guide public opinion; on his watch the Simon Cheng confession footage aired, Ofcom revoked CGTN's UK licence and fined it item by item, Cheng Lei was detained and then deleted from her own channel's website,

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林郑月娥

2019
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李家超

2019
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邓炳强

2019

2019 Hong Kong crackdown police chief; NSL enforcement; Article 23; U.S. sanctions

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王志民

2019

Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong from September 2017 to January 2020, Beijing's top representative in the city; the 2019 anti-extradition movement erupted and spiralled on his watch, the Liaison Office was faulted for misreading Hong Kong society, and after the pro-Beijing camp's District Council rout he was removed to a party-history institute post; the August 2020 US sanctions list named his predecessor and his successor, but not him

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张军

2019

The first man to head the Ministry of Justice, the Procuratorate and the Supreme Court in turn: on his Justice watch the lawyers' Party committee was founded and sixteen lawyers lost their licences; as Procurator-General his system prosecuted Wang Quanzhang, Huang Qi, Pastor Wang Yi and Zhang Zhan; as Chief Justice his courts sentenced Xu Zhiyong to fourteen years, Guo Feixiong to eight, and Zhang Zhan a second time.

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卢伟聪

2019

Hong Kong Commissioner of Police (2015–2019) and top commander for the first half of the 2019 movement — the 12 June 'riot' label, the 39-minute Yuen Long delay, Prince Edward station, the live-round shooting of a student in Tsuen Wan and a ledger of some 9,700 tear-gas rounds all fall in his tenure; designated by the US in 2020 and fully removed in July 2026, while his successor Tang remains sanctioned on another li

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韩正

2019

Leader of the Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs (2018–2023), first-ranked Vice Premier and now Vice President: the 2019 anti-extradition crisis, the 2020 National Security Law and the 2021 'patriots' electoral overhaul all happened on his watch as Beijing's top Hong Kong official; his deputy You Quan and his subordinates Xia Baolong and Luo Huining were all US-sanctioned, while he himself has never

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石泰峰

2020
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布小林

2020
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张晓明

2020
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骆惠宁

2020
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郑雁雄

2020
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孙力军

2020

Purged in 2020 as MPS vice minister; ran the First and 26th Bureaus and served as deputy director of the 610 Office, reported deeply involved in the 709 and Falun Gong suppression; suspended death sentence in 2022

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应勇

2020

Party secretary of Hubei from February 2020, directing the Wuhan and Hubei lockdown at its harshest — sealed communities, centralised quarantine and grid control — with no accountability for lockdown harms; promoted to Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 2023

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孙春兰

2020

Sun Chunlan: Vice Premier (2018–2023), head of the Wuhan central guidance group and Shanghai's zero-COVID supervisor. A former Anshan watch-factory worker who rose through the Women's Federation and trade unions, she was Dalian Party secretary and then Fujian Party secretary (the first woman in such a post since Wan Shaofen) and Tianjin Party secretary. On 31 December 2014, days after Ling Jihua's fall, she took over

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蒋超良

2020

Jiang Chaoliang: Party secretary of Hubei (29 October 2016 – 13 February 2020), the province's highest official during the first seven weeks of the Wuhan COVID-19 outbreak. A Miluo, Hunan native and career banker — fifteen years at Agricultural Bank of China head office, assistant governor of the People's Bank of China, chairman of the Bank of Communications (bringing in HSBC and listing the bank), president of China

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栗战书

2020

Politburo Standing Committee No. 3 and NPC Standing Committee chairman who presided over the Hong Kong National Security Law (30 June 2020, 162–0), the legislators' disqualification decision, and Hong Kong's electoral overhaul; US sanctions named his 14 vice-chairpersons, not him.

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郑若骅

2020

Teresa Cheng Yeuk-wah (born 11 November 1958, Hong Kong): an engineer, barrister and international arbitrator by formation — Senior Counsel at Des Voeux Chambers, past chairperson of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, chairman of the Transport Advisory Committee from 2004 and of the Provisional Minimum Wage Commission, and in 2008 the first Asian woman President of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.

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陈一新

2020

As Secretary-General of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission he ran the anti-crime office and the political-legal rectification; in 2020 he supervised lockdown-era stability work in Wuhan as deputy head of the Central Guidance Group; Minister of State Security from 2022, he presided over the Counter-Espionage Law revision and the whole-society counter-espionage mobilisation.

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王君正

2021
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马兴瑞

2021
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艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜

2021

Chairman of Xinjiang | A top regional leader throughout the internment campaign who defended the "training centres" in Geneva; sanctioned by the U.S. in 2021 and Canada in 2024, never listed by the UK or EU, his February 2023 Europe trip collapsed under protest.

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王晨

2021

Politburo member and first vice-chairman of the NPC Standing Committee — the system's chief explainer, who delivered the official explanations for the 2018 constitutional amendment abolishing presidential term limits, the 2020 Hong Kong national security decision, and the 2021 Hong Kong electoral overhaul. Named first among the 14 vice-chairpersons sanctioned by the US in December 2020.

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王小洪

2022

Minister of Public Security 2022; Fox Hunt and overseas police-station controversy on his watch

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李强

2022

Li Qiang: Premier of the State Council (2023– ) and second-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee. An irrigation-station worker from Rui'an, Zhejiang, he was secretary-general (chief of staff) to Zhejiang Party Secretary Xi Jinping from 2004 to 2007 and is a core figure of the New Zhijiang Army; he served as governor of Zhejiang (December 2012 – July 2016 — on his watch the provincial government's Three R

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陈敏尔

2022

Chen Min'er: Party secretary of Chongqing (15 July 2017 – 8 December 2022), the first-in-charge of the city's de facto November 2022 lockdown, now Party secretary of Tianjin and a Politburo member. A Zhuji, Zhejiang native formed in the propaganda system, he ran Zhejiang's propaganda department from 2002 to 2007 under Party secretary Xi Jinping — one of Xi's Zhejiang old guard — and as Guizhou governor and Party secr

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李书磊

2022

Head of the Publicity Department since October 2022 and day-to-day chief of the censorship and propaganda system: the White Paper protests came one month into his tenure, the reporting line on Li Keqiang's death issued from his system, and game licences and film screening permits sit inside it. Checked item by item, he is designated by none of the US, EU, UK or Canada, and the China entry on RSF's predators list has

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李希

2022

Secretary of the CCDI since 23 October 2022 and seventh-ranked Politburo Standing Committee member, running the merged discipline-and-supervision machine whose core tool is liuzhi detention: cases climbed on his watch from about 26,000 in 2023 to 47,000 in 2025, and the 2025 amendment lengthened liuzhi further; the purge that felled two defence ministers and two CMC vice chairmen ran inside his tenure's framework but

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