EndCCPWorld.com

张展Zhang Zhan

一、生平：从律师到公民记者1. Early Life: From Lawyer to Citizen Journalist

张展1983年9月2日生于陕西咸阳，毕业于西南财经大学金融专业，2010年移居上海，曾执业为律师。她参与维权运动，为被迫害者发声，其律师执业证后被注销。2018年8月，她因言论被警方以「煽动颠覆」为由警告谈话；2019年4月曾被拘留。2019年9月香港反修例运动期间，她在上海南京路、人民广场撑起一把写有「结束社会主义、共产党下台」的雨伞声援香港抗争者，9月9日被以涉嫌寻衅滋事拘留，关押期间两度绝食，至11月13日获释。这段经历在她的公开履历中有据可查：她去武汉之前，已经是一个被警方长期盯防的人。Zhang Zhan was born on September 2, 1983 in Xianyang, Shaanxi. She graduated in finance from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, moved to Shanghai in 2010, and worked as a lawyer. She took part in the rights-defence (weiquan) movement and spoke up for the persecuted; her practising licence was later revoked. In August 2018 police warned her over alleged "inciting subversion," and she was detained again in April 2019. In September 2019, during the Hong Kong anti-extradition protests, she held up an umbrella inscribed "End socialism, Communist Party down" at Nanjing Road and People's Square in Shanghai in support of the Hong Kong protesters. She was detained on September 9 on suspicion of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, went on hunger strike twice in custody, and was released on November 13. The record is clear: before she ever went to Wuhan, she was already a person long watched by police.

二、2020年武汉报道2. Reporting from Wuhan, 2020

2020年2月1日，新冠疫情在武汉暴发、城市封城之际，张展只身从上海前往武汉。她没有记者证，以公民记者身分在推特、YouTube等平台发布数十段短视频与文章：挤满病人的医院走廊、空无一人的街道、昼夜运转的殡仪馆与火葬场、被关押的独立记者、求告无门的患者家属。她到访过李文亮医生生前被训诫的派出所，追问其遭遇。2月16日的一段报道指当局以「维稳」之名掩盖感染与死亡数字。4月下旬，她批评当局不许死者家属公开悼念。被捕前最后一段视频中，她批评武汉的封控靠「恐吓和威胁」运转。当时在武汉发声的公民记者还有陈秋实、方斌、李泽华，三人同期失联；方斌后被判刑，陈秋实、李泽华在失联一段时间后现身。On February 1, 2020, as the COVID-19 outbreak exploded and Wuhan was sealed off, Zhang travelled alone from Shanghai to the city. Holding no press credentials, she worked as a citizen journalist, posting dozens of short videos and essays on Twitter, YouTube and other platforms: hospital corridors packed with patients, emptied streets, crematoria running day and night, detained independent journalists, and patients' families with nowhere to appeal. She visited the police station where Dr Li Wenliang had been reprimanded, asking after his case. A February 16 report accused the authorities of covering up infection and death figures "in the name of stability." In late April she criticised the authorities for barring bereaved families from mourning publicly. In her last video before her arrest, she said Wuhan's lockdown was being run through "intimidation and threats." Other citizen journalists reporting from Wuhan — Chen Qiushi, Fang Bin and Li Zehua — disappeared in the same period; Fang Bin was later imprisoned, while Chen and Li reappeared after periods out of contact.

三、第一次被捕与关押（2020年5—11月）3. First Arrest and Detention (May–November 2020)

2020年5月14日，张展在武汉汉口火车站附近的旅馆被警方带走，当日是她最后一次直播的次日。此前她已告诉朋友自己被人跟踪。她被押回上海，关押在浦东新区看守所，在未被正式起诉的状态下关押至11月。6月19日，浦东新区检察院批准逮捕，罪名是寻衅滋事。据国际特赦组织记录，她在审判前曾连续三个月被24小时戴镣铐、绑手，并因自2020年6月起绝食抗议而被插胃管强制灌食，双手被绑住以防她拔管。律师任全牛说，张展表示绝食是为抗议言论自由被剥夺，而非求放。她的辩护律师还有张科科。任全牛其后于2021年被吊销律师执业证。On May 14, 2020, Zhang was seized by police at a hotel near Hankou railway station in Wuhan, the day after her last livestream; she had told friends beforehand that she was being followed. She was taken back to Shanghai and held at the Pudong New Area Detention Centre, remaining in custody without formal indictment until November. On June 19 the Pudong procuratorate approved her arrest for picking quarrels and provoking trouble. Amnesty International recorded that before trial she was kept shackled and handcuffed 24 hours a day for three months, and that, having begun a hunger strike in June 2020 to protest, she was force-fed through a nasal tube with her hands tied to stop her removing it. Her lawyer Ren Quanniu said she had told him the hunger strike protested the denial of free speech, not a plea for release. Zhang Keke also acted as her counsel. Ren's law licence was revoked in 2021.

四、第一次审判：2020年12月28日判刑4年4. First Trial: Four Years, December 28, 2020

2020年12月28日，上海市浦东新区人民法院开庭审理张展案，庭审不足三小时。起诉书指控她接受自由亚洲电台、大纪元等境外媒体采访、散布疫情虚假信息，具体指她报道中两项内容「造假」：居民做核酸检测被收费、社区给居家隔离居民送烂菜；张展坚称内容属实。开庭当日，支持者、外国记者与一名英国外交人员被挡在法庭外。开庭时间选在圣诞与新年之间，被外国媒体普遍解读为压低国际关注的手法。她坐着轮椅出庭，健康状况已明显恶化。法院当庭以寻衅滋事罪判处她有期徒刑4年，她是因报道疫情被判刑的第一名公民记者。她拒绝上诉，向律师表示她不承认这套程序的合法性。On December 28, 2020, the Pudong New Area People's Court in Shanghai tried Zhang's case in under three hours. The indictment accused her of giving interviews to overseas media such as Radio Free Asia and The Epoch Times and of spreading false information about the pandemic, alleging fabrication in two items of her reporting — that residents were charged for COVID tests, and that neighbourhood committees had sent rotten vegetables to residents confined at home. Zhang maintained both were true. On the day of the trial, supporters, foreign journalists and a British diplomat were kept out of the courtroom. The timing, between Christmas and New Year, was widely read by foreign media as a device to minimise international attention. She appeared in court in a wheelchair, her health visibly deteriorated. The court sentenced her the same day to four years for picking quarrels and provoking trouble, making her the first citizen journalist jailed for reporting on the pandemic. She refused to appeal, telling her lawyers she did not recognise the legitimacy of the process.

五、服刑与健康恶化（2021—2024年）5. Imprisonment and Collapsing Health (2021–2024)

张展在上海市女子监狱服刑，其「部分绝食」持续了很长时间：据家人转述，她吃少量水果、饼干，不吃米饭肉菜。2021年7月31日，她因营养不良被送入监狱医院，体重降至不足40公斤，不到被捕前的一半；8月2日，父母与兄长获准到上海，但只获准与她通电话，未能见面；8月11日她返回监狱。10月28日母亲与她视频通话后说，她已无法独立行走、抬不起头。2021年10月底，母亲与兄长公开呼吁保外就医，美国国务院、无国界记者、联合国人权办相继发声。2022年2月，母亲透露她已停止绝食、能自行行走，胃痛缓解。2023年7月，她又因健康恶化被送往监狱医院。国际特赦组织2025年紧急行动文件记录，她第一次服刑期间体重最低约37公斤。据公开记录，她的家人长期不获准正常探视，医院亦曾拒绝向家属提供完整病历。Zhang served her sentence at Shanghai Women's Prison. Her "partial hunger strike" continued for a long period: according to her family, she ate small amounts of fruit and biscuits but no rice, meat or vegetables. On July 31, 2021 she was hospitalised inside the prison system for malnutrition, her weight down to under 40 kilograms — less than half of what it had been before her arrest. On August 2 her parents and brother were permitted to travel to Shanghai but were only allowed to speak to her by phone, not to see her; she was returned to prison on August 11. After a video call on October 28, her mother said Zhang could no longer walk unassisted and could not hold her head up. In late October 2021 the family publicly appealed for medical parole; the US State Department, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and the UN human rights office all spoke out. In February 2022 her mother said Zhang had ended the hunger strike, could walk on her own, and her stomach pain had eased. In July 2023 she was again taken to the prison hospital as her health worsened. Amnesty International's 2025 urgent action records that during her first sentence her weight fell as low as about 37 kilograms. Public reporting shows her family was long denied normal visits, and that the hospital at one point withheld her full medical records from them.

六、出狱、再被捕与第二次判刑（2024—2025年）6. Release, Re-arrest and a Second Sentence (2024–2025)

2024年5月13日，张展四年刑满。当天没有任何她出狱的影像流出，美国国务院发言人5月17日公开表示关切。5月21日晚，「张展关注组」发起人王剑虹发布她在上海自拍的短片，她说自己5月13日清晨5点由警察送回上海兄长家中，感谢外界关心。出狱后她仍受严密监控与骚扰，但继续在社交媒体发声，记录维权人士受打压的情况；据国际特赦组织记录，她其间曾前往甘肃声援其他人权捍卫者。2024年8月28日，她在返回陕西老家途中失联，被押回上海，关押在浦东新区看守所，以涉嫌寻衅滋事被刑事拘留。广州律师范标文与她母亲会面了解案情后，次日被警方拘留近8小时。11月18日，浦东新区检察院以寻衅滋事罪对她提起公诉。据其前辩护律师任全牛向媒体表示，第二次起诉的依据是她在境外网站（X平台）上的言论。On May 13, 2024, Zhang completed her four-year sentence. No image of her release emerged that day, and a US State Department spokesman voiced concern publicly on May 17. On the evening of May 21, Wang Jianhong, founder of the Zhang Zhan Concern Group, posted a short self-recorded video in which Zhang said police had taken her to her brother's home in Shanghai at 5 a.m. on May 13, and thanked people for their concern. After release she remained under tight surveillance and harassment, but kept posting on social media documenting the repression of rights defenders; Amnesty International records that during this period she travelled to Gansu to support other human rights defenders. On August 28, 2024, she lost contact while travelling to her hometown in Shaanxi, was taken back to Shanghai and held at the Pudong detention centre, criminally detained on suspicion of picking quarrels. Guangzhou lawyer Fan Biaowen, who met her mother to discuss the case, was held by police for nearly eight hours the next day. On November 18 the Pudong procuratorate indicted her for picking quarrels and provoking trouble. Her former lawyer Ren Quanniu told media the second prosecution rested on her statements on overseas websites (the platform X).

2025年1月，张展在看守所再度绝食抗议，据报被插胃管强制灌食。2025年9月19日，浦东新区人民法院开庭并判处她有期徒刑4年，罪名仍是寻衅滋事。庭审不对独立观察员开放，西方外交人员被拒入内旁听。判刑后她提出上诉；其后一段时间下落不明，家属与律师均不获准探视，直到11月18日家属才确认她被关押在上海市女子监狱。国际特赦组织2026年5月更新的紧急行动指出，自2025年9月再次判刑以来她健康急剧恶化，患严重胃病、体重大幅下降，绝食据报自2025年1月持续至今，当局多次拒绝她会见自选律师。In January 2025 Zhang began another hunger strike in the detention centre and was reportedly force-fed through a gastric tube. On September 19, 2025, the Pudong New Area People's Court tried her and sentenced her to a further four years, again for picking quarrels and provoking trouble. Independent observers were not admitted, and Western diplomats were turned away. She appealed after sentencing; for a period her whereabouts were unknown, and neither family nor lawyer was allowed to visit, until on November 18 her family confirmed she was being held at Shanghai Women's Prison. Amnesty International's urgent action, updated in May 2026, states that since her September 2025 sentencing her health has deteriorated sharply: she suffers severe stomach illness and major weight loss, her hunger strike is reported to have continued since January 2025, and the authorities have repeatedly denied her access to a lawyer of her choosing.

七、家人与律师的处境7. Her Family and Lawyers

张展的母亲与兄长是她与外界之间最主要的联系。第一次服刑期间，母亲多次通过社交媒体与外媒披露她的体重与病情，呼吁保外就医；2021年8月家人赶到上海，只获准与她通电话。辩护律师任全牛2021年被吊销执业证；张科科律师亦因代理敏感案件长期受压。第二次被捕后，范标文律师仅因与她母亲会面就被拘留近8小时。国际特赦组织记录，她的家人与律师持续受到骚扰与恐吓，以致无法对外透露她的详细处境——这正是外界对她2025年判刑后健康状况知之甚少的原因。2020年11月，长沙一名女大学生在橘子洲头举牌声援张展，不久被有关部门上门带走约谈。Zhang's mother and brother have been her main link to the outside world. During her first sentence her mother repeatedly used social media and foreign media interviews to disclose her weight and condition and to appeal for medical parole; when the family travelled to Shanghai in August 2021 they were allowed only a phone call with her. Defence lawyer Ren Quanniu had his licence revoked in 2021; lawyer Zhang Keke has also long faced pressure for handling sensitive cases. After the second arrest, lawyer Fan Biaowen was detained for nearly eight hours merely for meeting her mother. Amnesty International records that her family and lawyers face continuing harassment and intimidation, leaving them unable to share detailed updates — which is why so little is known of her health since the 2025 sentencing. In November 2020, a university student in Changsha who held up a placard supporting Zhang at Orange Isle was taken away by the authorities for questioning shortly afterwards.

八、国际社会与人权组织的反应8. International and Rights-Group Responses

2020年12月29日，美国国务卿蓬佩奥发表声明，强烈谴责对张展的「虚假审判」与定罪；欧盟同月呼吁立即释放她及余文生等多名被关押者，并指出据可信消息她在关押中遭受酷刑与虐待、健康严重恶化；英国驻华使馆称其案凸显对中国媒体自由的严重关切；联合国人权办表示全年持续向当局提出其案件。2021年9月，45家非政府组织联署呼吁释放；11月，无国界记者将2021年新闻自由奖「勇气奖」授予张展，她同时是国际特赦组织2021年「为人权不停笔」活动的声援对象。2021年11月8日，美国国务院发言人公开呼吁立即无条件释放她；11月19日联合国人权办以人道理由再次呼吁释放并给予紧急医疗。2023年6月2日，美国国会及行政当局中国委员会两党主席提名张展、彭立发、李康梦为诺贝尔和平奖候选人。2025年5月14日她第一次被捕五周年之际，63家新闻自由与人权组织发表联合声明谴责对她的持续关押。第二次判刑后，联合国人权高专办发言人表示深感不安，指出寻衅滋事罪含糊宽泛、庭审不许独立观察员旁听，高级专员蒂尔克呼吁废除该罪名；无国界记者、中国人权捍卫者网络（CHRD）与「媒体自由联盟」多国政府相继发声要求释放。On December 29, 2020, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo strongly condemned the "sham prosecution and conviction" of Zhang Zhan. The European Union the same month called for her immediate release and that of Yu Wensheng and others, noting credible reports of torture and ill-treatment in detention and serious deterioration of her health. The British Embassy in Beijing said her case raised serious concerns about media freedom in China. The UN human rights office said it had raised her case with the authorities throughout 2020. In September 2021, 45 NGOs jointly appealed for her release; in November, RSF awarded Zhang its 2021 Press Freedom Award for courage, and she was a featured case in Amnesty International's 2021 Write for Rights campaign. On November 8, 2021, the US State Department publicly called for her immediate and unconditional release; on November 19 the UN human rights office again urged release, at least on humanitarian grounds, with access to urgent medical care. On June 2, 2023, the bipartisan chairs of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China nominated Zhang, Peng Lifa and Li Kangmeng for the Nobel Peace Prize. On May 14, 2025 — five years after her first arrest — 63 press-freedom and human-rights organisations issued a joint statement condemning her continued detention. After the second sentencing, a UN human rights spokesperson called it deeply disturbing, noting the vagueness of the charge and that independent observers had been barred from the trial; High Commissioner Volker Türk called for the offence itself to be abolished. RSF, the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) and the governments of the Media Freedom Coalition also issued statements demanding her release.

十、关键日期时间线10. Key Dates Timeline

1983年9月2日，张展生于陕西咸阳。2010年移居上海执业为律师，后因参与维权运动被注销执业证。2019年9月9日，她因在上海撑伞声援香港抗争被拘留，绝食抗议，11月13日获释。2020年2月1日，她只身抵达封城中的武汉，开始以公民记者身分发布报道。September 2, 1983: Zhang Zhan is born in Xianyang, Shaanxi. In 2010 she moves to Shanghai and practises law; her licence is later revoked over her rights-defence work. September 9, 2019: she is detained in Shanghai for holding an umbrella in support of the Hong Kong protests, hunger-strikes in custody, and is released on November 13. February 1, 2020: she arrives alone in locked-down Wuhan and begins reporting as a citizen journalist.

2020年5月14日，她在武汉失联，被押回上海关押于浦东新区看守所；6月19日被浦东新区检察院批准逮捕；2020年6月起绝食，被强制灌食。2020年12月28日，浦东新区人民法院以寻衅滋事罪判处她有期徒刑4年，庭审不足三小时，她坐轮椅出庭并拒绝上诉。2021年7月31日，她因营养不良入狱中医院，体重不足40公斤；2021年11月，她获无国界记者新闻自由奖「勇气奖」。2023年6月2日，美国国会两党议员提名她为诺贝尔和平奖候选人。May 14, 2020: she disappears in Wuhan and is taken back to Shanghai's Pudong detention centre. June 19: the Pudong procuratorate approves her arrest. From June 2020 she hunger-strikes and is force-fed. December 28, 2020: the Pudong court sentences her to four years for picking quarrels and provoking trouble after a trial of under three hours; she appears in a wheelchair and refuses to appeal. July 31, 2021: she is hospitalised for malnutrition at under 40 kilograms. November 2021: she receives RSF's Press Freedom Award for courage. June 2, 2023: bipartisan US congressional leaders nominate her for the Nobel Peace Prize.

2024年5月13日，她刑满获释，警察清晨将她送至上海兄长家中；出狱后受监控，继续在社交媒体发声，并曾赴甘肃声援其他维权人士。2024年8月28日，她在返乡途中再被拘捕，关押于浦东新区看守所；11月18日被浦东新区检察院以寻衅滋事罪起诉。2025年1月，她再度绝食，据报被强制灌食。2025年9月19日，浦东新区人民法院第二次以寻衅滋事罪判处她有期徒刑4年；她提出上诉；11月18日家属确认她在上海市女子监狱，但探视仍被拒绝。May 13, 2024: she completes her sentence; police take her to her brother's Shanghai home at dawn. Under surveillance after release, she keeps posting and travels to Gansu to support other defenders. August 28, 2024: she is seized again while travelling home, and held at the Pudong detention centre. November 18, 2024: the Pudong procuratorate indicts her for picking quarrels. January 2025: she hunger-strikes again and is reportedly force-fed. September 19, 2025: the Pudong court sentences her to a second four years for the same offence. She appeals. November 18, 2025: her family confirms she is at Shanghai Women's Prison, but visits remain refused.

十一、同期失联的武汉公民记者11. The Other Wuhan Citizen Journalists

张展不是2020年初唯一在武汉消失的公民记者。律师出身的陈秋实2020年2月6日在武汉失联，被当局以防疫隔离名义控制，至2020年3月下旬才被确认处于监视居住状态，其后长期与外界隔绝，2021年9月曾短暂在朋友社交媒体上现身。武汉居民方斌2020年2月因拍摄医院画面失联，2023年4月30日才获释回家——外界后来得知他被以寻衅滋事罪秘密判刑3年，关押于武汉江岸区看守所与汉阳监狱等地。李泽华（Kci）2020年2月26日直播被追捕过程后失联，4月22日现身称被隔离后获释。四人中，张展是第一个被公开判刑的，也是刑期最重、至今仍未获自由的一个。他们的共同点是：报道内容从未被证明造假，被惩罚的真正对象是「未经许可的记录」本身。Zhang was not the only citizen journalist to disappear in Wuhan in early 2020. Chen Qiushi, a former lawyer, vanished in Wuhan on February 6, 2020, was held under the name of quarantine, and was confirmed in late March to be under residential surveillance; he remained cut off from the world until a brief appearance on a friend's social media in September 2021. Fang Bin, a Wuhan resident, disappeared in February 2020 after filming hospital scenes and was not released until April 30, 2023 — it later emerged he had been secretly sentenced to three years for picking quarrels and held in Wuhan detention facilities and Hanyang Prison. Li Zehua disappeared on February 26, 2020 after livestreaming his own pursuit, reappearing on April 22 to say he had been quarantined and released. Of the four, Zhang was the first to be publicly sentenced, received the heaviest punishment, and is the only one still not free. What they share: none of their reporting was ever shown to be fabricated; what was punished was unauthorised recording itself.

张展2020年获「青年中国人权奖」。该奖评选委员会召集人王丹在评语中说，中共当局对张展的迫害暴露出其掩盖真相与言论审查的做法，并引起各国强烈谴责。这一细节本身构成一条线索：1989年被判刑的学生领袖，在三十多年后为2020年被判刑的公民记者颁奖——被惩罚的罪名从「反革命宣传煽动」换成了「寻衅滋事」，被惩罚的行为没有变：把官方不愿公开的事实说出来。In 2020 Zhang received the Chinese Youth Human Rights Award. Wang Dan, convenor of the award's judging committee, said in his citation that the authorities' persecution of Zhang exposed their cover-up of the truth and their censorship, and drew strong international condemnation. The detail itself forms a thread: a student leader jailed in 1989 presenting, three decades later, an award to a citizen journalist jailed in 2020. The charge changed from "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement" to "picking quarrels and provoking trouble"; the punished conduct did not — stating facts the authorities did not want made public.

十二、出狱后的107天与第二次起诉的「证据」12. The 107 Days of Freedom and the "Evidence" in the Second Case

张展2024年5月13日出狱后的记录并不完整，因为她本人在严密监控下、且很快再度失去自由。据其社交媒体发文与关注组转述：她回到上海兄长家中居住，警察多次上门警告，国保要求她不得接受外媒采访、不得在网上发声；她出门办事有人跟踪。她仍在X等平台发帖：一部分记录她自己受监控的日常，一部分声援被关押的维权人士与家属——据报道，她曾专程前往甘肃，声援当地一名被关押维权人士的家属。据海外媒体整理，第二次起诉所依据的正是她2024年6月至8月间在X平台发表的这些帖文，以及她接受境外媒体采访的内容。换言之，她刑满后的107天里，唯一被指控的「犯罪行为」是继续说话。The record of Zhang's life after her release on May 13, 2024 is incomplete, because she lived under close surveillance and soon lost her freedom again. From her own social-media posts and the Concern Group's accounts: she lived at her brother's home in Shanghai; police repeatedly came to warn her; state security officers told her not to accept foreign-media interviews and not to post online; she was followed when she went out. She nevertheless kept posting on X and other platforms — some posts documenting her own surveillance, others supporting jailed defenders and their families; she reportedly travelled to Gansu specifically to support the family of a detained defender there. According to overseas media compilations, the second indictment rested precisely on those X posts from June to August 2024 and on her interviews with overseas media. In other words, during the 107 days after completing her sentence, the only "criminal conduct" alleged against her was continuing to speak.

张展的处境在更大的图景里有官方文件可查：美国国务院《2022年各国人权报告》与《2023年各国人权报告》中国部分，都在「酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇」章节中点名记录她被强制灌食一事。无国界记者历年将中国列为全球关押记者人数最多的国家，张展是其重点个案之一；2025年她第二次判刑后，无国界记者称她本应作为「信息英雄」受到表彰，而不是在恶劣的监狱条件中受困。这些记录意味着，她的个案已经不只是中国国内的一宗寻衅滋事案，而是国际人权档案中一个被多国政府与机构逐年更新的条目——每一次更新的内容，都是她的自由又被剥夺了一段、健康又恶化了一分。Zhang's situation is documented in official records beyond activist reporting: the US State Department's 2022 and 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for China both name her forced feeding in the section on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Reporters Without Borders lists China year after year as the world's largest jailer of journalists, with Zhang as one of its emblematic cases; after her second sentencing in 2025 RSF said she should be celebrated as an "information hero," not trapped in brutal prison conditions. These records mean her case is no longer merely a domestic "picking quarrels" file, but an entry in the international human-rights archive updated annually by multiple governments and institutions — each update recording another stretch of freedom taken and another decline in her health.

她在武汉报道的具体内容，今天仍可在境外平台上查到：2020年2月，她走访挤满病患的医院与空荡的街道；她多次到武汉病毒研究所外围拍摄；她记录殡仪馆在官方宣称疫情受控时仍昼夜运转；她探访李文亮被训诫的派出所；她采访因疫情失去亲人、被社区与警方阻拦发声的家属；4月下旬她写文章批评当局连悼念死者都要压制。被捕前一天（5月13日），她在汉口火车站附近拍摄最后一段视频，批评封城措施靠恐吓与威胁维持。这些影像与文字是起诉书所称「虚假信息」的全部来源，而检方在法庭上具体指认的「造假」只有两项：检测收费与烂菜——两项后来都被其他渠道的报道所印证或从未被证伪。一段完整的报道记录与一张只有两项指控的起诉书之间的落差，是本案最核心的事实。What she actually reported in Wuhan remains viewable on platforms overseas: in February 2020 she filmed hospitals crowded with patients and emptied streets; she went repeatedly to the perimeter of the Wuhan Institute of Virology; she recorded crematoria running day and night while officials claimed the outbreak was under control; she visited the police station where Li Wenliang had been reprimanded; she interviewed bereaved families who were being blocked by neighbourhood committees and police when they tried to speak; in late April she wrote that the authorities suppressed even mourning for the dead. On May 13, the day before her arrest, she filmed her last video near Hankou station criticising a lockdown maintained by intimidation and threats. These images and texts are the entire source of what the indictment called "false information," yet the prosecution specified only two allegedly fabricated items — test fees and rotten vegetables — both of which were later corroborated by other reporting or never disproven. The gap between a full body of reporting and an indictment naming two items is the central fact of this case.

十三、保外就医之争13. The Fight Over Medical Parole

张展第一次服刑期间，围绕她身体状况的拉锯构成一条独立的时间线。2021年7月31日她因营养不良住院后，家属即开始申请保外就医；监狱方面以她不符合条件为由未予批准，家属亦被拒绝提供完整病历（据其母向自由亚洲电台所述）。2021年10月底，她的体重与行动能力继续恶化，母亲与兄长罕有地公开向外界求助——这一步对身处内地的家属意味着公开与当局对峙的风险。2021年11月19日，联合国人权办在呼吁中特别写明：至少应以人道理由立即释放她，并保证她能获得挽救生命的紧急治疗。这一措辞在当时被多家媒体理解为：联合国机构认为她有生命危险。此后她的进食状况一度好转（2022年2月家属称她已停止绝食、能自己行走），但2023年7月再传住院消息。到第二次判刑后的今天，同样的问题原样重现：家属不得探视、律师不得完善会见、病历不公开——2021年那条没有结果的时间线，正在2026年重复。During Zhang's first sentence, the struggle over her body formed a timeline of its own. After her hospitalisation for malnutrition on July 31, 2021, her family applied for medical parole; the prison refused on the grounds that she did not meet the conditions, and the family was denied her complete medical records (as her mother told Radio Free Asia). In late October 2021, as her weight and mobility kept worsening, her mother and brother took the rare step of appealing publicly to the outside world — a step that, for a family inside China, carries the risk of open confrontation with the authorities. On November 19, 2021, the UN human rights office wrote into its appeal that she should be released immediately, at the very least on humanitarian grounds, with access to urgent life-saving treatment — wording widely read at the time as the UN body judging her life to be in danger. Her eating later improved for a period (in February 2022 the family said she had ended the hunger strike and could walk unaided), but news of another hospitalisation came in July 2023. Today, after her second sentencing, the same problem recurs in identical form: no family visits, no proper lawyer access, no published medical records — the inconclusive timeline of 2021 is repeating itself in 2026.

十四、被写进报告的名字14. A Name Entered into the Reports

张展的个案已被收入国际特赦组织2025年10月发布的报告《这个审判还有合法性吗？》——该报告检视十年间64名因行使言论自由被以国家安全与公共秩序罪名检控的人士，张展是其中两度入狱的代表个案。国际特赦组织针对她的紧急行动自2024年第二次被捕后已多次更新，最近一次更新在2026年5月，呼吁行动期限至2026年12月31日：致函上海女子监狱管理方，要求立即无条件释放她、在释放前保障她与家人律师的定期会见与适当医疗。这些文件的作用是有限的——它们没有打开过一扇牢门；但它们的作用也是确定的：每一次更新，都让「下落不明」与「健康不详」这两个状态变得更难维持，因为全世界都在按日期追问同一个人。Zhang's case is included in Amnesty International's October 2025 report "How Could This Verdict Be 'Legal'?", which examines 64 people prosecuted over a decade under national-security and public-order offences for exercising free expression; Zhang is its emblematic twice-imprisoned case. Amnesty's urgent action on her behalf has been updated repeatedly since her second arrest in 2024, most recently in May 2026, with appeals — addressed to the management of Shanghai Women's Prison, demanding her immediate and unconditional release and, until then, regular family and lawyer visits and proper medical care — running to December 31, 2026. Such documents have limited power: they have never opened a cell door. But their effect is definite: with every update, the states of "whereabouts unknown" and "health unknown" become harder to maintain, because the whole world is asking after the same person, on the record, by date.

九、现状9. Current Status

截至2026年10月，张展43岁，正在上海市女子监狱服第二次4年刑期。她2025年9月下旬提出的上诉结果，未见公开报道；家属与律师至今不获准探视（据国际特赦组织2025年12月文件）。自2020年5月第一次被捕至今，她在监狱与看守所中度过的时间累计已超过六年，其间真正获得自由的只有2024年5月13日至8月28日的107天，且始终处于监控之下。她的健康状况是外界最大的关切：严重胃病、体重骤降、长期绝食与强制灌食的循环，据报仍在持续。As of October 2026, Zhang Zhan is 43 and serving her second four-year sentence at Shanghai Women's Prison. The outcome of the appeal she filed in late September 2025 has not been publicly reported; as of Amnesty International's December 2025 filing, neither her family nor her lawyer had been permitted to visit her. Since her first arrest in May 2020 she has spent, cumulatively, over six years in prisons and detention centres; her only period of actual freedom was the 107 days from May 13 to August 28, 2024 — and even then she was under constant surveillance. Her health is the overriding concern: severe stomach illness, drastic weight loss, and the cycle of hunger strike and forced feeding are reported to be continuing.

本站点评Our Take

张展案把「寻衅滋事」的用法展示得最清楚：2020年，她报道了医院、火葬场和被封锁的街道，被指控「造假」的两项内容至今没有公开证据证明不实，审判却只用了不到三小时，支持者与外国记者被挡在门外。刑满出狱仅107天，她因为在境外平台上的言论再被抓、再判4年。绝食者的体重从70多公斤降到37公斤，家属探视与律师会见被系统性拒绝，律师只因见家属就被拘留。这个案子里没有受害人，只有一个政权不愿让外界看见的画面，和一个拒绝沉默的人。Zhang Zhan's case shows the use of "picking quarrels" at its clearest. In 2020 she filmed hospitals, crematoria and sealed-off streets; no public evidence has ever shown the two items she was convicted of "fabricating" to be false, yet her trial took under three hours, with supporters and foreign journalists locked outside. Just 107 days after completing her sentence, she was seized again — for statements on an overseas platform — and given another four years. A hunger striker's weight fell from over 70 kilograms to 37; family visits and lawyer access were systematically refused, and a lawyer was detained merely for meeting her mother. There is no victim in this case — only images a regime did not want the world to see, and a person who refused to be silent.

← 返回人物索引← Back to people index