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许志永Xu Zhiyong

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一、生平与公盟岁月（1973–2012）1. Early Life and the Gongmeng Years (1973–2012)

许志永1973年3月2日生于河南省民权县，兰州大学法律系毕业，北京大学法学博士，毕业后在北京邮电大学任教。2003年，广东青年孙志刚在广州收容站被殴打致死，许志永与俞江、滕彪三位法学博士联名上书全国人大常委会，要求对收容遣送办法进行违宪审查。同年6月，国务院废止收容遣送制度——这是中国公民维权史上罕见的、以法律程序推动制度废除的成功案例，许志永由此成名。同年他以独立候选人身份当选北京市海淀区人大代表，2007年连任。Xu Zhiyong was born on March 2, 1973, in Minquan County, Henan. He took a law degree at Lanzhou University and a doctorate at Peking University, then taught at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. In 2003, after Sun Zhigang, a young man from Guangdong, was beaten to death in a Guangzhou custody-and-repatriation station, Xu and fellow legal scholars Yu Jiang and Teng Biao petitioned the National People's Congress Standing Committee for a constitutionality review of the custody-and-repatriation rules. That June the State Council abolished the system — a rare case of a Chinese institution being ended through legal advocacy, and the case that made Xu's name. The same year he was elected to the Haidian District People's Congress in Beijing as an independent candidate, and re-elected in 2007.

2003年，许志永与滕彪等人创办“公盟”（后改称公民），为弱势群体提供法律援助，代理或参与的案件包括毒奶粉受害家庭维权、黑砖窑、拆迁户诉讼、教育平权等。2009年7月，公盟被北京市民政局以“未经登记擅自以社会团体名义活动”为由取缔，并被税务部门处以高额罚款；许志永本人一度被以涉嫌偷税罪名刑事拘留，约一个月后取保释放。公盟被关停后，他的工作转入更分散的公民行动。2012年，他发表《新公民运动论》，提出以“自由、公义、爱”为标志的新公民运动：各地公民定期聚餐讨论公共事务（即“同城饭醉”），推动官员财产公示，要求随迁子女在居住地参加高考的教育平权。这一运动刻意保持温和与合法的自我定位——不建组织、不设领袖、以公民身份行使宪法权利。In 2003 Xu co-founded Gongmeng (the Open Constitution Initiative, later 'Citizens'), providing legal aid to the vulnerable: tainted-milk families, black-brick-kiln victims, eviction plaintiffs, education-equality cases. In July 2009 Beijing's civil affairs bureau shut Gongmeng down as an unregistered organization and the tax authorities imposed heavy fines; Xu himself was criminally detained on suspicion of tax evasion for about a month before release on bail. After the closure his work shifted to looser citizen action. In 2012 he published his essay on a 'New Citizens Movement' under the banner 'freedom, justice, love': regular citizen dinner gatherings to discuss public affairs, campaigns for officials' asset disclosure, and equal access to the college entrance exam for migrants' children. The movement deliberately kept a moderate, lawful self-definition — no organization, no leader, citizens exercising constitutional rights.

二、第一轮判刑：2014年北京一中院的四年2. The First Sentence: Four Years at Beijing No. 1 Intermediate Court, 2014

2013年，新公民运动的财产公示与教育平权行动在多地展开，参与者在北京、江西等地举横幅要求官员公示财产。当局随即开始抓人：2013年4月起，丁家喜、赵常青、张宝成等十余名参与者先后被捕。2013年7月16日，许志永被北京市公安局以涉嫌“聚众扰乱公共场所秩序”刑事拘留，关押于北京市第三看守所；同年8月正式逮捕。起诉书指控他组织、策划教育平权和财产公示活动。2014年1月22日，北京市第一中级人民法院开庭审理，庭审只进行了一天，他的律师张庆方抗议程序后退庭——许志永本人在庭上基本保持沉默，以无言抗议审判。1月26日，法院判处他有期徒刑4年。丁家喜等人随后分别被判3年至3年半不等。北京市高级人民法院二审维持原判。In 2013 the movement's asset-disclosure and education campaigns spread across several cities, with participants unfurling banners demanding that officials publish their assets. Arrests followed: from April 2013, Ding Jiaxi, Zhao Changqing, Zhang Baocheng and more than a dozen others were detained. On July 16, 2013, Beijing police criminally detained Xu on suspicion of 'gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place'; he was held at Beijing No. 3 Detention Center and formally arrested in August. The indictment accused him of organizing the education-equality and asset-disclosure activities. On January 22, 2014, Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court tried the case in a single day; his lawyer Zhang Qingfang withdrew in protest at the procedure, and Xu himself stayed essentially silent in court as a protest. On January 26 the court sentenced him to four years. Ding Jiaxi and others received three to three-and-a-half years. The Beijing High Court upheld the verdict on appeal.

这起判决在当时引起广泛国际关注：美国国务院、欧盟公开表示关切，国际特赦组织将他列为良心犯。判决的逻辑值得记录在案：他被定罪的行为——组织公民举横幅要求官员公示财产、为随迁子女争取考试权——没有一项涉及暴力，也没有一项超出当时中国法律明文允许的表达与结社范围。法院的罪名是“聚众扰乱公共场所秩序”，一个以行为后果定义的口袋罪名。2017年7月15日，许志永刑满释放。出狱后他处于严密监控之下，住所和行动受到限制，但仍继续写作，评论公共事件，维护公民权利议题，并运营记录新公民运动的网站。The verdict drew wide international attention at the time: the US State Department and the EU expressed concern, and Amnesty International designated him a prisoner of conscience. The logic of the judgment is worth preserving in the record: the conduct for which he was convicted — organizing citizens to hold banners demanding asset disclosure, and pressing for exam rights for migrants' children — involved no violence and nothing beyond expression and association as then written into Chinese law. The charge was 'gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place,' a pocket offense defined by imputed consequences. On July 15, 2017, Xu completed his sentence and was released. He lived under tight surveillance, his housing and movements restricted, but kept writing on public affairs and rights issues and maintained a website documenting the citizens' movement. See also this site's 709 Crackdown archive, which records the wider suppression of the rights-defense community in the same years.

三、厦门聚会案：从一次私人聚会到“颠覆”大案（2019–2020）3. The Xiamen Gathering Case: From a Private Meeting to a 'Subversion' Case (2019–2020)

2019年12月7日至8日，许志永、丁家喜与十余名律师、学者、活动人士在福建厦门举行私人聚会，讨论时政、公民社会与中国的法治和转型议题。聚会没有公开宣传，没有组织名义，就是二十来个人坐在一起聊天。但2019年12月26日起，山东警方主导的抓捕在全国多地展开：丁家喜在北京被山东烟台警方带走，戴振亚、张忠顺、李英俊等与会者相继被抓，多人被指定居所监视居住——即秘密关押，不通知家属确切地点，不许会见律师。许志永在抓捕开始当晚离开住所，转入藏匿状态。On December 7–8, 2019, Xu, Ding Jiaxi and more than a dozen lawyers, scholars and activists held a private gathering in Xiamen, Fujian, to discuss current affairs, civil society, and rule of law and transition in China. There was no publicity and no organizational banner — some twenty people sitting and talking. But from December 26, 2019, a Shandong-police-led roundup spread nationwide: Ding Jiaxi was taken in Beijing by Yantai police; attendees Dai Zhenya, Zhang Zhongshun, Li Yingjun and others were seized in turn, many placed under 'residential surveillance at a designated location' — secret detention, with families not told the place and lawyers barred. Xu left his home the night the arrests began and went into hiding.

藏匿的约50天里，他没有停笔：通过朋友运营的博客和社交账号持续发文评论时事。2020年2月初，他发表公开信《劝退书》，批评习近平应对新冠疫情与香港问题等政策的失误，要求其让位。这篇文章后来被起诉书列为其“颠覆”言论的证据之一。2020年2月15日晚，许志永在广州番禺一位朋友家中被北京与广州两地警方带走，同住的朋友一家也被带到派出所，次日获释。据中国人权（HRIC）与维权网的记录，他先在北京、后转至烟台被指定居所监视居住约四个月，其间与外界完全隔绝；其姐姐直到2020年2月24日才接到通知，3月7日才被告知他涉嫌“煽动颠覆国家政权”。指定居所监视居住期间的遭遇，他后来通过律师转述包括长时间审讯、睡眠与饮食受限等情形，这类指控无法由独立渠道核实，本站按人权组织的记录转述，并注明其性质。During roughly 50 days in hiding he kept writing, posting commentary through a blog and social accounts run by friends. In early February 2020 he published an open letter — the 'Step-Down Letter' — criticizing Xi Jinping's handling of COVID-19 and Hong Kong and urging him to step aside. The letter was later listed in his indictment as evidence of 'subversion.' On the evening of February 15, 2020, Beijing and Guangzhou police took Xu from a friend's home in Panyu, Guangzhou; the friend's family were also taken to a police station and released the next day. Per Human Rights in China and Weiquanwang records, he was held under designated-location surveillance first in Beijing, then transferred to Yantai, for about four months, wholly cut off from the outside; his sister was notified only on February 24, and told on March 7 that he was suspected of 'inciting subversion of state power.' Accounts of his treatment in that period, relayed later through lawyers — prolonged interrogation, restricted sleep and food — cannot be independently verified; this site relays them as human-rights organizations recorded them, with their nature noted.

2020年6月19日，许志永被正式逮捕，罪名由“煽动颠覆”升级，关押地转移到山东省临沭县看守所——一个远离北京、远离家属和媒体视线的小县城，此后案件的侦查、起诉、审判全部在山东临沂一线完成。2021年1月，指控正式升级为“颠覆国家政权罪”；2021年8月，临沭县检察院提起公诉。起诉书认定的“犯罪事实”包括：组织新公民运动、建立通讯群组、参加厦门聚会，以及他多年来的文章和那封《劝退书》。从被捕到起诉的一年半里，他被拒绝会见律师长达13个月，律师多次申请被以“危害国家安全”为由驳回；阅卷权也受到限制。联合国任意拘留问题工作组就许志永、丁家喜案发表意见，认定两人的拘留违反国际法，属于任意拘留，要求立即释放——中国政府未予理会。On June 19, 2020, Xu was formally arrested, the charge later upgraded, and his place of detention moved to Linshu County Detention Center in Shandong — a small county far from Beijing, his family and media attention; investigation, indictment and trial were all thereafter run through the Linyi area of Shandong. In January 2021 the charge was formally raised to 'subversion of state power'; in August 2021 the Linshu County Procuratorate indicted him. The 'criminal facts' alleged included organizing the citizens' movement, setting up chat groups, attending the Xiamen gathering, and his years of writings including the Step-Down Letter. For the first 13 months he was denied access to lawyers, applications repeatedly refused on 'national security' grounds, and access to case files was restricted. The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued opinions finding both men's detention arbitrary under international law and calling for immediate release; the Chinese government did not respond.

四、秘密审判与14年重判（2022–2023）4. Secret Trial and the 14-Year Sentence (2022–2023)

2022年6月22日，许志永案在临沭县人民法院秘密开庭，不公开审理，家属不得旁听，律师被要求保密；丁家喜案于6月24日在同一法院秘密开庭。庭审之后将近十个月没有任何消息。2023年4月10日，临沭县法院宣判：许志永犯颠覆国家政权罪，判处有期徒刑14年；丁家喜同罪判处12年，并处剥夺政治权利3年。判决书没有依法公开，家属甚至一度拿不到判决书副本。许志永在法庭上的最后陈述后来流传到海外，文中他重申自己追求的是一个民主、法治、自由的中国，并称对所做的一切无怨无悔——此文本经多家人权组织转载，本站按流传文本记录其大意，不逐字引述。On June 22, 2022, Xu's case was tried in secret at the Linshu County People's Court — closed proceedings, family barred, lawyers bound to silence; Ding Jiaxi was tried at the same court on June 24. Then, for nearly ten months, nothing. On April 10, 2023, the Linshu court delivered its verdicts: Xu Zhiyong, 14 years for subversion of state power; Ding Jiaxi, 12 years plus three years' deprivation of political rights. The written judgments were not published as Chinese law requires, and families at first could not even obtain copies. Xu's closing statement to the court later circulated overseas; in it he restated that what he sought was a democratic China under rule of law, and that he had no regrets — the text was republished by several rights organizations, and this site records its substance without quoting it at length.

两人均提出上诉。2023年11月，山东省高级人民法院以不开庭的书面方式二审维持原判。从2020年2月被捕算起，许志永在宣判前已被羁押超过三年，其中包括秘密关押、漫长的侦查与一审后近十个月的无声等待。14年是自刘晓波2009年被判11年之后，中国对异见人士判处的最重刑期之一，仅次于个别案件；丁家喜的12年同样属于重判。联合国人权事务高级专员蒂尔克在宣判当日发表声明，对两项判决“深感忧虑”，指出其不符合国际人权法标准；美国国务院、欧盟对外行动署及多家人权组织亦发表谴责声明。中国官方对此案从未作公开说明——没有新闻发布会，没有判决全文，国内媒体没有任何报道。Both men appealed. In November 2023 the Shandong High People's Court upheld the verdicts in a written, hearing-less second instance. Counting from February 2020, Xu had been detained for more than three years before sentencing — including secret detention, a prolonged investigation, and nearly ten months of silence after the trial. Fourteen years is among the heaviest sentences imposed on a Chinese dissident since Liu Xiaobo's 11 years in 2009; Ding's 12 years is likewise severe. On the day of sentencing, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk said he was 'very concerned' that the two sentences were at variance with international human rights law; the US State Department, the EU's External Action Service and multiple rights organizations condemned them as well. Chinese officials never publicly explained the case — no press conference, no published judgment, no domestic media coverage at all.

五、狱中处境与2024年绝食抗议5. Prison Conditions and the 2024 Hunger Strike

宣判后，许志永被移送山东的监狱服刑，具体监狱名称官方从未公布，家属对外透露的信息也极为有限。据家属通过人权组织转达的消息，他在狱中被其他服刑人员贴身监控（俗称“包夹”），与家人的通信和会见长期受阻，阅读写作的条件被剥夺——据丁家喜妻子罗胜春2023年在欧洲律师界活动上的发言，两人在狱中得不到纸笔、不许读书看报，饮食营养不足，放风时间极短。这类狱中细节来自家属与人权组织的单方记录，无法独立核实，本站按来源性质如实标注。After sentencing, Xu was transferred to a prison in Shandong; its name has never been officially disclosed, and family information is extremely limited. Per accounts relayed by his family through rights organizations, he is watched at close quarters by other inmates assigned to monitor him, contact and visits with family have long been obstructed, and he is denied conditions for reading and writing — Ding Jiaxi's wife Luo Shengchun, speaking at a European bar event in 2023, said both men were denied pen and paper, books and newspapers, adequate nutrition, and more than minimal time outdoors. Such prison details come from family and rights-group accounts and cannot be independently verified; this site labels them accordingly.

2024年10月4日，许志永在狱中开始绝食，抗议狱中待遇，包括被严密监控和无法与家人联系。据家属10月底对外界透露，他绝食已近一个月，体重明显下降，健康状况令人担忧。“人权观察”、中国人权捍卫者网络（CHRD）等组织相继发声，时任美国驻华大使公开呼吁释放他。绝食何时结束、外界无从得知——这正是这类案件的信息状态：一个被判14年的人，连他是否还在绝食都无法确认。此后2025年2月，国际特赦组织等机构发表联合声明，重申许、丁两案系统性地使用了指定居所监视居住、秘密审判与酷刑指控未被调查等问题，指出截至2024年11月联合国官员的呼吁仍未获中国回应。On October 4, 2024, Xu began a hunger strike in prison to protest his treatment, including intensive surveillance by other prisoners and lack of contact with his family. By late October his family reported he had been on hunger strike for nearly a month, had lost significant weight, and his health was a concern. Human Rights Watch, CHRD and others issued statements, and the then US ambassador to China publicly called for his release. When the hunger strike ended is not known outside — which is precisely the information condition of such cases: for a man sentenced to 14 years, even whether he is still refusing food cannot be confirmed. In February 2025 Amnesty International and other organizations issued a joint statement reiterating that the two cases had systematically involved designated-location surveillance, secret trials and uninvestigated torture allegations, and that UN calls as recent as November 2024 remained unanswered by China.

六、李翘楚：因他而起的另一桩案子6. Li Qiaochu: The Companion Case

许志永案的株连落在他未婚妻李翘楚身上。李翘楚生于1991年，是女权与劳工权益活动者，清华大学社会学硕士，曾参与反性骚扰（#MeToo）倡导和劳工维权。许志永藏匿期间，她是少数与他保持联系的人之一。2020年2月16日，即许志永在广州被捕次日，李翘楚在北京被警方带走，秘密关押四个月后获释。她获释后公开讲述自己被指定居所监视居住的经历，并持续为许志永呼吁、披露许、丁两人在秘密关押期间遭受酷刑的指控。2021年2月，她再次被山东警方带走，随后以涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权罪被批捕——指控内容包括她为许志永搭建个人博客、上传其文章。The case's collateral punishment fell on Xu's fiancée, Li Qiaochu. Born in 1991, Li is a feminist and labor-rights activist with a sociology master's from Tsinghua who had worked on #MeToo advocacy and labor cases. While Xu was in hiding she was among the few people in contact with him. On February 16, 2020 — the day after Xu's arrest in Guangzhou — Beijing police took her away; she was held in secret detention for four months before release. After release she spoke publicly about her designated-location surveillance and kept campaigning for Xu, publicizing allegations that Xu and Ding had been tortured in secret detention. In February 2021 Shandong police took her again; she was arrested on suspicion of inciting subversion — the allegations including that she had built Xu's personal blog and uploaded his articles.

2023年12月，李翘楚案在临沂市中级人民法院不公开审理。2024年2月5日，法院以煽动颠覆国家政权罪判处她有期徒刑3年8个月。算入此前被羁押的时间，她于2024年8月刑满出狱。出狱后她仍受到监控与出境限制。本站另有李翘楚专页记录其案件全程，两页口径一致：她的获罪行为，按起诉书自己的说法，主要是替许志永传播文章和为他发声——即一个公民案件的“罪行”，在伴侣身上复制了一遍。许志永本人在狱中得知她被判刑的消息渠道，外界无从得知。In December 2023 Li's case was tried behind closed doors at the Linyi Intermediate People's Court. On February 5, 2024, it sentenced her to three years and eight months for inciting subversion of state power. With time already detained credited, she was released in August 2024, remaining under surveillance and exit restrictions. This site's separate Li Qiaochu page records her case in full, and the two pages agree: on the indictment's own account, her offense consisted mainly of disseminating Xu's writings and speaking for him — one citizen's 'crime,' replicated onto his partner. Whether Xu himself, in prison, ever learned of her sentencing is unknown outside.

七、国际反应与奖项7. International Response and Awards

许志永是国际人权界最熟悉的中国良心犯之一。2020年，他获美国笔会“笔会/芭芭拉·戈德史密斯自由写作奖”；2023年，他与丁家喜共同获得欧洲律师协会理事会（CCBE）人权奖，丁家喜的妻子罗胜春赴欧代为领奖并发表演讲，讲述两人在押期间的遭遇。联合国任意拘留问题工作组认定两人的拘留为任意拘留；联合国人权高专蒂尔克在2023年宣判当日公开表示忧虑；美国国务院多次在声明与人权报告中点名要求释放；欧盟在多个场合将许志永案列入对华人权议程。2025年国际特赦组织的十年回顾报告把许、丁两案与709案并列，视为中国公民社会被系统性摧毁的标志性案件序列。Xu Zhiyong is among the Chinese prisoners of conscience best known to the international rights community. In 2020 he received PEN America's PEN/Barbey Freedom to Write Award. In 2023 he and Ding Jiaxi jointly received the Human Rights Award of the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE); Ding's wife Luo Shengchun accepted in Europe and described the two men's treatment in detention. The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found their detention arbitrary; UN High Commissioner Türk voiced concern on sentencing day in 2023; the US State Department has repeatedly named Xu in statements and human-rights reports demanding release; the EU has placed his case on its human-rights agenda with China on multiple occasions. Amnesty's 2025 ten-year review listed the Xu and Ding cases alongside the 709 crackdown as markers in the systematic destruction of Chinese civil society.

这些国际声音没有改变任何程序节点：没有重审，没有减刑，没有保外就医，没有一次获准的家属公开探视被报道出来。记录它们不是为了夸大其作用，而是因为这是一个档案站的本分——把谁在何时说过什么，与判决书一起存档，日后清算这段历史时，两份记录都在。None of these international voices altered any procedural step: no retrial, no reduction, no medical parole, and no publicly reported family visit granted. They are recorded here not to exaggerate their effect, but because archiving is this site's duty — to file who said what, and when, alongside the verdicts, so that when this period is one day accounted for, both records exist.

八、现状（截至2026年10月）8. Current Status (as of October 2026)

截至2026年10月，许志永仍在山东的监狱服刑，14年刑期自2020年2月被羁押起算，如无减刑将持续至2034年前后，届时他61岁。官方从未公布其服刑监狱与健康状况；2024年绝食之后的身体情况，外界只能从家属零星转述中得知一二，之后再无确切消息。丁家喜同样在押。李翘楚已于2024年8月出狱，但仍在监控之下。本站将持续追踪本案，出现可查证的新信息即更新。信息时点：2026年10月。As of October 2026, Xu Zhiyong remains in prison in Shandong. His 14-year term, counted from his detention in February 2020, runs to about 2034 absent any reduction, when he will be 61. The authorities have never disclosed his prison or health; after the 2024 hunger strike, only fragments have reached the outside through family, and nothing definite since. Ding Jiaxi likewise remains imprisoned. Li Qiaochu was released in August 2024 but remains under surveillance. This site will keep following the case and update on verifiable news. Information current as of October 2026.

九、丁家喜与罗胜春：同案的另一条线9. Ding Jiaxi and Luo Shengchun: The Case's Other Thread

许志永案的另一半是丁家喜。丁家喜是北京的维权律师，2013年因新公民运动的财产公示行动被判3年半，2016年出狱。2019年12月26日，厦门聚会案抓捕的第一天，他在北京被山东烟台警方带走，随即被指定居所监视居住六个月。据其妻子罗胜春和人权组织的记录，他在秘密关押期间遭受了包括长时间铁椅审讯、睡眠剥夺、噪音干扰、饮食饮水受限在内的对待；他的律师多次以刑讯逼供为由申请排除非法证据，被法院拒绝。这些指控来自家属与律师的单方记录，官方从未回应，本站按来源性质记录。2022年6月24日，丁家喜案在临沭县法院秘密开庭；2023年4月10日与许志永同日宣判，12年；同年11月山东高院书面二审维持原判。The other half of Xu's case is Ding Jiaxi. Ding is a Beijing rights lawyer sentenced in 2013 to three and a half years over the New Citizens Movement's asset-disclosure campaign, released in 2016. On December 26, 2019 — the first day of the Xiamen-case roundup — Shandong's Yantai police took him in Beijing, and he was placed under designated-location surveillance for six months. Per his wife Luo Shengchun and rights organizations' records, in secret detention he was subjected to prolonged interrogation strapped to an iron 'tiger chair,' sleep deprivation, noise harassment, and restricted food and water; his lawyers repeatedly moved to exclude the resulting evidence as obtained by torture, and the court refused. These are family and lawyer accounts to which officials have never responded, recorded here with their nature noted. Ding was secretly tried at Linshu County Court on June 24, 2022, sentenced on the same day as Xu — April 10, 2023 — to 12 years, and the Shandong High Court upheld the verdict in a written appeal in November 2023.

罗胜春在丁家喜被捕后赴美，成为厦门案最主要的海外发声者。她逐年整理两人的案件材料，向各国政府、议会和律师组织递交；2023年11月，她在欧洲律师协会理事会人权奖颁奖式上代表丁家喜和许志永发言，细述两人在秘密关押和监狱中的处境，包括得不到纸笔书报、与家人断绝联系等。她在发言中说，她最大的愿望是两人能亲自站到领奖台上。这条家属发声线，与许志永未婚妻李翘楚在国内被判刑的遭遇（见第六节）构成对照：一个在海外呼吁，一个在国内因呼吁获罪。After Ding's arrest, Luo Shengchun went to the United States and became the Xiamen case's principal overseas voice. Year by year she compiled the two men's case materials for governments, parliaments and bar associations; in November 2023 she spoke for both Ding and Xu at the CCBE Human Rights Award ceremony, detailing their treatment in secret detention and prison — no pen or paper, no books or newspapers, cut off from family — and said her greatest wish was that the two men could one day stand at the podium themselves. Her advocacy thread contrasts with the fate of Xu's fiancée Li Qiaochu, sentenced inside China for speaking out (see Section 6): one campaigns abroad; the other was convicted at home for campaigning.

十、《劝退书》与起诉书认定的“罪行”清单10. The Step-Down Letter and the Indictment's List of 'Crimes'

把两轮案件的指控内容并列，能看清指控对象的实质。2014年案的起诉书指控许志永“组织、策划”了两件事：带随迁子女家长到教育部请愿、组织公民在公共场所举横幅要求官员公示财产。2023年案的起诉书（经海外媒体与人权组织披露的文本）指控的“颠覆”行为包括：提出新公民运动理念、组建公民通讯群组、2019年厦门的私人聚会、多年来的评论文章，以及2020年2月的《劝退书》——文中他列举疫情应对、香港政策等方面的失误，要求习近平“让位”。两份清单里没有武器、没有资金链、没有暴力计划，有的只是文章、聚会和请愿。法院认定的“颠覆国家政权”，在证据层面就是这些文字与聚会本身；罪名与行为的对应关系，是本案档案中最重要的部分，本站逐项保留，以备后人查考。Setting the two cases' allegations side by side clarifies what was actually prosecuted. The 2014 indictment accused Xu of 'organizing and planning' two things: taking migrant parents to petition the Education Ministry, and organizing citizens to hold banners in public demanding officials disclose assets. The 2023 indictment (in the text disclosed by overseas media and rights groups) listed as 'subversion': proposing the New Citizens Movement idea, forming citizen chat groups, the private Xiamen gathering of 2019, years of commentary articles, and the February 2020 Step-Down Letter — in which he enumerated failures in pandemic response and Hong Kong policy and urged Xi Jinping to step aside. Neither list contains weapons, funding chains or violent plans — only articles, gatherings and petitions. The 'subversion of state power' the court found consisted, at the evidentiary level, of these texts and meetings themselves. That correspondence between charge and conduct is the most important part of this file, and this site preserves it item by item for future examination.

十一、附：许志永案完整时间线Appendix: Complete Timeline of the Xu Zhiyong Case

1973年3月2日，生于河南民权。2003年，孙志刚案后上书全国人大，收容遣送制度同年废止；当选海淀区人大代表；参与创办公盟。2009年7月，公盟被取缔，许志永一度被以涉嫌偷税拘留。2012年，提出新公民运动。2013年7月16日，被北京警方刑事拘留；2014年1月26日，北京市第一中级人民法院以聚众扰乱公共场所秩序罪判刑4年，二审维持。2017年7月15日，刑满释放。2019年12月7日至8日，参加厦门私人聚会；12月26日抓捕开始后藏匿。2020年2月初发表《劝退书》；2月15日在广州被捕，随即被指定居所监视居住；2月16日李翘楚在北京被带走。March 2, 1973: born in Minquan, Henan. 2003: petitions the NPC after the Sun Zhigang case; custody-and-repatriation is abolished the same year; elected to the Haidian District People's Congress; co-founds Gongmeng. July 2009: Gongmeng is shut down; Xu is briefly detained on suspicion of tax evasion. 2012: proposes the New Citizens Movement. July 16, 2013: criminally detained by Beijing police. January 26, 2014: Beijing No. 1 Intermediate Court sentences him to four years for gathering a crowd to disrupt public order; upheld on appeal. July 15, 2017: released at term's end. December 7–8, 2019: attends the private Xiamen gathering; goes into hiding when arrests begin on December 26. Early February 2020: publishes the Step-Down Letter. February 15: arrested in Guangzhou and placed under designated-location surveillance. February 16: Li Qiaochu is taken in Beijing.

2020年6月19日，许志永被正式逮捕，押于山东临沭县看守所。2021年1月，指控升级为颠覆国家政权罪；8月被提起公诉。2022年6月22日，临沭县法院秘密开庭。2023年4月10日，判刑14年，丁家喜同日判刑12年；11月山东省高级人民法院二审维持。2024年2月5日，李翘楚被判刑3年8个月，同年8月出狱。2024年10月4日，许志永在狱中开始绝食抗议，持续近一个月（据家属消息）。2025年2月，国际特赦组织等发表联合声明重申释放要求。2026年10月：仍在狱中，无减刑、假释消息。June 19, 2020: Xu is formally arrested and held at Linshu County Detention Center, Shandong. January 2021: the charge is upgraded to subversion of state power; August: he is indicted. June 22, 2022: secret trial at Linshu County Court. April 10, 2023: sentenced to 14 years; Ding Jiaxi receives 12 years the same day. November 2023: Shandong High Court upholds on appeal. February 5, 2024: Li Qiaochu is sentenced to three years and eight months; she is released in August. October 4, 2024: Xu begins a prison hunger strike lasting nearly a month (per family reports). February 2025: Amnesty International and others issue a joint statement renewing release demands. October 2026: still in prison, with no news of reduction or parole.

十二、新公民运动的群案：不止许志永一个人12. The New Citizens Movement's Cluster of Cases: More Than One Man

新公民运动在2013至2014年间引发的抓捕是一个群案，许志永只是其中刑期最重、最知名的一个。北京线：丁家喜判3年半，赵常青判3年，张宝成判2年，李刚、张向忠等人亦被判刑，指控行为均为参与财产公示举牌和教育平权活动。企业家王功权因资助、参与公民活动于2013年9月被捕，2014年1月在“认罪”后获释出狱，此后再未公开活动。江西线：2013年4月，刘萍、魏忠平、李思华在新余举牌要求官员公示财产被捕，2014年6月刘萍被判6年半，魏忠平、李思华各判3年——刘萍是普通退休工人，她的案子在当时被视为当局对草根参与者下重手的样本。这些名字和刑期均有公开判决与媒体报道可查，本站并列记录，是因为只写许志永一个人，会漏掉这场镇压的实际规模：它清除的不是一个活动家，而是一整层刚刚成形的公民网络。The arrests the New Citizens Movement triggered in 2013–14 formed a cluster of cases; Xu was its heaviest-sentenced and best-known member, not its only one. In Beijing: Ding Jiaxi received three and a half years, Zhao Changqing three years, Zhang Baocheng two years, and Li Gang, Zhang Xiangzhong and others were also sentenced — all for banner actions on asset disclosure and education-equality activities. Investor Wang Gongquan was arrested in September 2013 for funding and joining citizen activities and released in January 2014 after a 'confession,' never appearing in public activism again. In Jiangxi: in April 2013 Liu Ping, Wei Zhongping and Li Sihua were arrested in Xinyu for banner actions demanding asset disclosure; in June 2014 Liu Ping was sentenced to six and a half years, Wei and Li to three years each — Liu, an ordinary retired worker, was seen at the time as the sample of the authorities' heavy hand against grassroots participants. These names and terms all rest on public judgments and media reporting. They are recorded together because writing about Xu alone would miss the repression's real scale: what was eliminated was not one activist but an entire, newly forming citizen layer.

2014年1月许志永案开庭时，还有一个程序细节被多家媒体记录：美国、欧盟等驻华外交官前往北京市第一中级人民法院要求旁听，被法警阻拦在法院门外；庭审只对少数官媒开放。这种“公开审判”的实际形态，与十年后临沭县法院的秘密审判首尾呼应：前者是关着门做样子，后者连样子都省了。两次审判之间，许志永服满了四年刑期，又自由了不到三年，其中大部分时间处于监控和被驱赶搬家的状态——据其友人和人权组织记录，他出狱后在北京多次被房东在警方压力下解约。自由对他而言，从2013年起就只是羁押与羁押之间的间隔。At Xu's January 2014 trial, one procedural detail was recorded by multiple outlets: US and EU diplomats who came to Beijing No. 1 Intermediate Court to observe were stopped outside by court police, while the 'public trial' admitted only selected state media. That form bookends the secret Linshu trial a decade later: the first closed its doors while keeping up appearances; the second dispensed with appearances altogether. Between the two trials Xu served his four years and was free for under three — most of it under surveillance and repeated forced moves: per friends and rights organizations, landlords in Beijing terminated his leases under police pressure again and again after his release. For Xu, from 2013 on, freedom was only ever the interval between detentions.

十三、联合国意见与持续的国际记录13. The UN Opinions and the Continuing International Record

许志永、丁家喜案在联合国系统内留下了完整的文书链，这也是本站将其单列一节的原因。任意拘留问题工作组就两人个案发表意见，认定拘留缺乏法律依据、源于行使受保护的权利、且审判程序严重违反公正审判标准，属于其分类中的任意拘留，要求中国立即释放并给予赔偿。联合国人权事务高级专员办事处在2023年宣判当日发表声明；多位特别报告员在2023年5月致中国政府的联合信函中（公开版本可查）详细列举了两案的程序问题，包括十三个月不许会见律师、指定居所监视居住期间的酷刑指控、审判不公开与判决不公布。美国国会及行政当局中国委员会历年年度报告持续收录本案。中国政府对这类信函的惯常回复是重申案件依法处理、反对外部干涉；就本案而言，没有任何一次回复带来探视、重审或减刑。本节所列文书均为公开文件，后人可按机构与日期逐一查考。The Xu and Ding cases left a complete paper trail in the UN system, which is why this site gives it its own section. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued opinions on both men's cases, finding the detentions lacked legal basis, arose from the exercise of protected rights, and involved grave fair-trial violations — arbitrary detention within its categories — and called on China to release them immediately and provide reparation. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights' office issued its statement on sentencing day in 2023, and several special rapporteurs' joint letter to the Chinese government of May 2023 (publicly available) itemized the cases' procedural defects: thirteen months without lawyer access, torture allegations during designated-location surveillance, closed trials and unpublished judgments. The US Congressional-Executive Commission on China has carried the case in successive annual reports. Beijing's standard reply to such communications restates that the cases were handled according to law and rejects external interference; in this case, no reply has ever produced a visit, a retrial or a reduction. Every document listed in this section is public and can be checked by institution and date.

十四、从公盟到新公民：一条二十年的线14. From Gongmeng to the New Citizens: A Twenty-Year Thread

把许志永的二十年连起来看，是一条清楚的线：2003年用法律程序废掉一项恶法，2009年机构被取缔，2014年以口袋罪名判四年，2023年以颠覆罪名判十四年。他的行为方式二十年没有变过——写文章、上书、请愿、聚会、举横幅；变化的是当局给他行为的定价。2003年，他的上书被国务院采纳；2013年，同样的请愿行为被定性为扰乱秩序；2019年，同样是与人坐下来谈论公共问题，被定性为颠覆国家。这条定价曲线，就是这两年中国公民社会生存空间的刻度表。本站把他的两轮案件、群案、株连案与联合国文书完整存档，正是为了让这条刻度表日后可查、可量、可对质。Xu Zhiyong's twenty years, joined up, form a clear line: in 2003 he used legal procedure to abolish a bad law; in 2009 his organization was shut down; in 2014 he received four years under a pocket offense; in 2023, fourteen years for subversion. His methods never changed in twenty years — essays, petitions, gatherings, banners. What changed was the price the authorities set on them. In 2003 his petition was adopted by the State Council; in 2013 the same petitioning was characterized as disrupting order; in 2019, sitting down with others to discuss public questions was characterized as subverting the state. That price curve is the gauge of the space left to Chinese civil society across those two decades. This site archives his two rounds of cases, the cluster cases, the companion case and the UN paper trail in full, so that the gauge remains checkable, measurable and contestable in the future.

本站点评Our Take

许志永两轮获刑，行为从未越出举横幅、写文章、与人聚会聊天的范围：2014年是“聚众扰乱秩序”四年，2023年同一类行为升格为“颠覆国家政权”十四年。罪名随政治气候升降，行为本身没有变化。秘密关押十三个月不许见律师、县级法院秘密审判、判决书不公开、家属另案判刑——这套程序的每一步都写在现行法律的例外条款里，合起来就是一部专为清除公民社会设计的机器。他要的不过是官员公示财产、孩子平等入学，机器给出的回答是十四年。Xu Zhiyong's two sentences were for conduct that never went beyond holding banners, writing essays and meeting people to talk: in 2014 it was 'gathering a crowd to disrupt order,' four years; in 2023 the same kind of conduct had been upgraded to 'subversion of state power,' fourteen years. The charge rose and fell with the political climate; the conduct did not change. Thirteen months of secret detention without a lawyer, a secret trial in a county court, an unpublished judgment, a partner sentenced in a companion case — each step sits in an exception clause of the law as written, and together they form a machine built to eliminate civil society. He asked only that officials disclose their assets and children sit exams on equal terms. The machine's answer was fourteen years.

来源Sources

来源：中国人权捍卫者网络（CHRD）许志永个案档案及2023年4月声明；联合国人权高专办2023年4月声明、联合国任意拘留问题工作组意见；国际特赦组织2025年联合声明；中国人权（HRIC）许志永、丁家喜案件记录；路透社、卫报、美国国家公共电台（NPR）报道；北京市第一中级人民法院2014年判决的公开报道。Sources: CHRD's Xu Zhiyong case file and April 2023 statement; UN OHCHR statement of April 2023 and UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention opinions; Amnesty International joint statement, February 2025; Human Rights in China case records on Xu Zhiyong and Ding Jiaxi; Reuters, The Guardian and NPR reporting; public reporting of the Beijing No. 1 Intermediate Court's 2014 judgment.